Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Chapter 12

1. Educational Psychology:Theory and PracticeChapter 12 Learners with Exceptionalities

2. Scenario “…our philosophy is that every child can learn, and it is our job to find out how to reach each one.” (p. 363) Pleasantville

3. Learners With Exceptionalities What’s in a Label? “…any individuals whose physical, mental, or behavioral performance is so different from the norm--either higher or lower--that additional services are needed to meet the individuals’ needs.” (p. 365)

4. Learners With Exceptionalities • Students with Mental Retardation • Intelligence Quotient • Adaptive Functioning • Classifications

5. True or False Individuals who have an IQ between 55 and 70 are usually able to learn academic skills up to a 6th grade level.

6. Learners With Exceptionalities:Classifications of Mental Retardation Mild 50-75 Moderate 35-55 Severe 20-40 Profound Below 25 Educable 55-70 Trainable 40-55 Custodial Below 50

7. Distribution of Intelligence Scores 34.13% 34.13% Percentage of Population 13.59% 13.59% 2.14% 2.14% 0.13% 0.13% -4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 SD 40 55 70 85 100 115 130 145 160 IQ

8. True or False The sharp increase in cases of learning disabilities in recent years is due to an increase in environmental toxins.

9. Learners With Exceptionalities • Students with Learning Disabilities • Definition varies widely • Diagnostics have improved in some areas • Definition has become more broad • Characteristics • Unexpected problems in specific academic areas • Motor involvement • Not due to mental retardation

10. True or False Children who are diagnosed as hyperactive are often given tranquilizers to calm them down.

11. True or False Students with attention deficit hyperactive disorder who are treated with Ritalin show consistent gains in academic performance, social adjustment, and self-esteem.

12. Learners With Exceptionalities • Attention Deficit Disorder • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Characteristics • Treatment • Treatment outcomes • Possible causes

13. True or False Behaviors such as frequent throat clearing, inappropriate touching, and sarcastic comments in class can be caused by a neurological disorder.

14. Learners With Exceptionalities • Tourette’s Syndrome • Characteristics • Treatment • Complicating factors

15. True or False The most common speech disorder is stuttering.

16. Learners With Exceptionalities • Students with Communication Disorders • Speech Disorders • Articulation • Stuttering • Cluttering • Language Disorders • Expressive Language Disorders • Receptive Language Disorders

17. Learners With Exceptionalities • Students with Sensory, Physical, and Health Impairments • Vision Loss • Hearing Loss • Cerebral Palsy • Seizure Disorders

18. True or False Most individuals who are legally blind read large- or regular-print books.

19. True or False Cerebral Palsy is a debilitating, progressive disorder.

20. True or False If a child with a history of seizures appears to show a loss of consciousness accompanied by shaking, jerking motions, a teacher should immediately insert a clean tongue depressor in the child’s mouth and call 911 emergency service.

21. True or False Under the law, children with disabilities must be placed in the least restrictive educational environment.

22. Special Education: Legislation Time-Line • 1975 Public Law 94-142 • 1986 Public Law 99-457 • 1990 IDEA • 1997 IDEA 97 • 2003 IDEA H.R. 1350???

23. Least Restrictive Environment General Education Class Resource Room Separate Class Separate School

24. True or False Mainstreaming appears to be effective in raising the achievement scores of children with disabilities.