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Networking basics

Networking basics. Unit objective: Describe network and Internet connection types, and differentiate between basic networking devices. Topic A. Topic A: Networks Topic B: Internet connection types Topic C: Network devices. Network types. Personal area network Local area network

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Networking basics

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  1. Networking basics Unit objective: Describe network and Internet connection types, and differentiate between basic networking devices

  2. Topic A Topic A: Networks Topic B: Internet connection types Topic C: Network devices

  3. Network types • Personal area network • Local area network • Metropolitan area network • Wide area network

  4. Star topology • Nodes connected to central network connectivity device • Central device distributes information packets • Single break doesn’t affect other nodes • If central device fails, all communication fails

  5. Bus topology • Continuous line is formed • Nodes connected to next in line • Coaxial and T-connectors • End of line uses terminating device • Terminator absorbs the data signal • Information passes through each node once • Node determines if data is addressed to it • Simple and inexpensive design • Single break in line stops all communication

  6. Ring topology • Each node is connected to two nodes on either side of it • All nodes form a continuous loop • Data token passes around the ring • Node can transmit data if it has the token

  7. Mesh topology • All nodes have independent connections to all other nodes • Very fault-tolerant and scalable design • Nodes need multiple network cards • Complex wiring scheme • Most often wide-area or campus links • Might not be fully meshed

  8. Hybrid topology • Two or more types of network topologies combined into one network

  9. Topic B Topic A: Networks Topic B: Internet connection types Topic C: Network devices

  10. POTS/PSTN • Dial-up system over telephone lines • Connection isn’t continuous • Phone and data share line; only one can be used at a time • Max data speed 56 Kbps • Modem bonding combines speed of multiple modems

  11. ISDN • Uses phone lines • 2 data channels • Control signal channel • Data not converted to analog • Terminal adapter • Each data channel can transmit data at up to 64 Kbps • Two channels can be combined to move data at speed of 128 Kbps • Basic Rate Interface (BRI) • PRI: 23 channels + control channel

  12. DSL • High-speed data and voice transmission line • Uses telephone wires for data transmission • Carries digital data at frequencies above voice transmission • Can transmit voice and digital data on same line at same time

  13. Cable • Uses transceiver (cable modem) to send and receive data • Uses same line as cable TV • Different frequencies • Optional VoIP

  14. Fiber • Not as common as cable and DSL • Typical configurations • FTTN • FTTC • FTTP

  15. Satellite • Useful in rural areas • Uses dish mounted on building to communicate with stationary satellite in orbit • Downlink uses satellite • Uplink sometimes dial-up

  16. WiMAX • 802.16 Air Interface Standard • Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access • Doesn’t require a line of sight

  17. Cellular • Provided by major cell phone companies • Access via cell signal with Internet-capable phone or laptop using cellular network PC card • Faster than dial-up; slower than DSL or cable

  18. Topic C Topic A: Networks Topic B: Internet connection types Topic C: Network devices

  19. Ethernet hub • Used to wire Ethernet star • Connects devices that use BNC or RJ-45 connector • Easy to configure

  20. Data traffic through a hub

  21. Hub types • Passive • Active • Switching • Intelligent

  22. Bridges

  23. Switches • Connects like a hub, but learns MAC addresses and uses them to make forwarding and filtering decisions • Benefits over a hub • PoE

  24. Router • Creates a path between individual networks • Can use to divide larger network into smaller, more manageable networks

  25. Routing between network segments

  26. Access points

  27. Modems • Connect computer to computer through phone line • External or internal • Converts signals from digital to analog and back

  28. Modulation and demodulation

  29. Connections

  30. Network attached storage • Devices that provides storage services • Multiple hard drives • Self-configuring

  31. Firewalls • Stands between LAN and Internet • Hardware firewall

  32. Voice over IP • VoIP • Digital phone service • Telephone calls over digital network • Converts analog signals to digital back to voice • Speak with anyone with a regular phone number • Protocols • SIP • RTP

  33. Network appliances • Load balancers • Proxy servers • Content filters

  34. Unit summary • Described network and Internet connection types, and differentiated between basic networking devices

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