QoS Structure of 3GPP/UMTS

1. QoS Structure of 3GPP/UMTS Doug Young Suh Media Lab. suh@khu.ac.kr Last update : 2004 3GPP UMTS

2. 3GPP (www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs) 3GPP UMTS

3. 3GPP UMTS

4. 3G TSs and TRs • TS22.100 "Service aspects, Service principles," filename : 22100-360.zip • TS22.105 "Services and Service capabilities" • TS23.107 "QoSConcept and Architecture" • TS23.228 v7.3 (2006-03) "IP Multimedia (IM) Subsystems ­Stage 2" • TS 24.228 “Signalling flows for the IP multimedia call control based on SIP and SDP” • TR 25.853 “Delay budget within the Access Stratum(Release 1999)” • TS 25.215 “Physical layer – measurements(FDD) (Release 1999)” : TSG RAN • TR 26.912 “QoS for speech and multimedia codec, quantitative performance evaluation of H.324 Annex C over 3G” Release 97/98 => Release 99 => Release 4 => Release 5 => Release 6 => Release 7=> Release 8=> Release 9(LTE) 3GPP UMTS

5. Auxiliary verbs in standards • "Shall" is used in this Recommendation to specify a mandatory requirement. "Should" is used to in this Recommendation to specify a suggested, but not required, course of action. "May" is used to specify an optional course of action, without expressing a preference. 3GPP UMTS

6. UMTS Network = UTRAN + [GSM BSS] + UMTS CN 3GPP UMTS

7. UMTS PSN protocol stack 3GPP UMTS

8. 3GPP UMTS

9. Circuit Switching • dedicated channel(CBR) • low delay, low loss, low bandwidth 3GPP UMTS

10. Packet Switching • best effort : shared channel(VBR) • time-varying QoS 3GPP UMTS

11. QoS negotiable network • Cell(label) switching : resource reservation • QoS guaranteed, ATM, NGI 3GPP UMTS

12. UMTS services • Connection-oriented / connection-less • Bearer service : circuit switched(64kbps) / packet switched(2Mbps) • Speech : telephone, short message point-to-point / broadcasting • Symmetric and asymmetric 3GPP UMTS

13. UTRAN services • Set-up, re-negotiation, and clearing of connections with a range of traffic and performance characteristics  bearer attributes  QoSattributes • CACduring connection set-up and re-negotiation • FCon a connection during its lifetime • UPCon a connection during its lifetime • broadcast and multicast • UTRAmode = FDD+TDD • positioning of mobile termination at a minimum precision of around 50m 3GPP UMTS

14. UMTSCore Network • traffic policing = CAC+ FC+ UPC • charging records based upon parameters such as the dialled number, call duration, traffic (volume, bitrate) and perceived QoS • security features : UMTS21.123 3GPP UMTS

15. Quality of Service end-to-end(TE-to-TE) quality perceived by the customer (ITU-T M.xxx) the collective effect of service performances such as; • service operability performance; • service accessibility performance; • service retention performance; • service integrity performance; and • other factors specific to each service. 3GPP UMTS

16. Framework 3GPP UMTS

17. Minimum bit rates and QoS range Operating environment (minimum bit rate, speed) Real Time (Constant Delay) Non Real Time (Variable Delay) Satellite (144kbps, 1000 km/h) Max Delay less than 400 ms BER 10-3 - 10-7 Max Delay 1200 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Rural outdoor (144kbps, 500 km/h) Max Delay 20 - 300 ms BER 10-3 - 10-7 Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Urban/ Suburban outdoor (384kbps, 120 km/h) Max Delay 20 - 300 ms BER 10-3 - 10-7 Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Indoor/ Low range outdoor (2Mbps, 10 km/h) Max Delay 20 - 300 ms BER 10-3 - 10-7 Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 3GPP UMTS

18. End-user Performance Expectations • 3GPP TS 22.105 v6.2 (2003-06) • Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects • Service aspects • Services and service capabilities (Release 6) 3GPP UMTS

19. Supported End User QoS 3GPP UMTS

20. conversatinal real-time services * The overall one way delay in the mobile network (from UE to PLMN border) is approximately 100ms. 3GPP UMTS

21. Streaming Services 3GPP UMTS

22. Interactive Services 3GPP UMTS

23. Access protocols • The access protocols shall allow the support of multimedia services. These services are characterized by the ability to dynamically change the number of participants and the number of connections during a call. The characteristics of the connections (confer the list of attributes used to describe a connection) may differ from one connection to another. They are negotiated during call set-up. They may be independently and dynamically re-negotiated on application (the telecommunication requirements of the application changes) or network initiative (change of network load conditions, during a handover procedure) during the call. 3GPP UMTS

24. QoS Architecture 3GPP UMTS

25. QoS management functions for the UMTS bearer service in the control plane • service manager provides all user plane QoSmanagement • translation function e.g. between IETFTspecto UMTSservice attributes • admission/capability control • subscription control : administrative rights 3GPP UMTS

26. QoS management functions for the UMTS bearer service in the user plane • mapping function : the specific marking cf. label in MPLS, VCIin ATM • classification function : derived from data unit header or traffic characteristics • resource manager : scheduling, bandwidth management, power control for radio bearer • traffic manager : policing and traffic shaping, preferential dropping in case of congestion 3GPP UMTS

27. QoSParameters of UMTS bearer and radio access bearer • [Maximum bitrate(bps), Maximum SDU size(octet)] cf. [PCR, CDVT] • possible bitrates per subflow in CS case <= inter PDU transmission interval (IPTI) • [Guaranteed bitrate, k*Maximum SDU size] cf. [SCR, BT+CDVT] • to capture burstness • minimum resource requirements => resource sharing • delivery order(y/n) • SDU format information(bits) • SDU error ratio : loss+damaged • residual bit error ratio • delivery of erroneous SDUs(y/n/-) : '-' implies no error detection. • transfer delay(ms) : 95% quantile • traffic handling priority : per flow • allocation/retention priority : per bearer which is not negotiated from the MT 3GPP UMTS

28. Leaky Bucket [drain rate, depth] Traffic engineering for VBR traffic Issues : overflow, queuing delay Applications : CAC, fair queuing 3GPP UMTS

29. QoS parameters of Iu BS and CN BS • Iu bearer service parameters • QoS capabilities in ATM layer (ATM-VCI) • QoS capabilities in IP layer (Diffserv, service level agreements(SLA)) • Core network bearer service parameters • IP layer or ATM layer 3GPP UMTS

30. Traffic class Conversational class Streaming class Interactive class Background class Value ranges for UMTS Bearer Service Attributes Maximum bitrate (kbps) < 2 048 < 2 048 < 2 048 < 2 048 Delivery order Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Maximum SDU size (octets) <=1 500 or 1 502 <=1 500 or 1 502 <=1 500 or 1 502 <=1 500 or 1 502 Delivery of erroneous SDUs Yes/No/- Yes/No/- Yes/No/- Yes/No/- Residual BER 5*10-2, 10-2, 5*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-6 5*10-2, 10-2, 5*10-3,10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 4*10-3, 10-5, 6*10-8 4*10-3, 10-5, 6*10-8 SDU error ratio 10-2, 7*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 10-1, 10-2, 7*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 10-3, 10-4, 10-6 10-3, 10-4, 10-6 Transfer delay (ms) 100 –maximum 250 –maximum Guaranteed bit rate (kbps) < 2 048 < 2 048 Traffic handling priority 1,2,3 Allocation/Retention priority 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 3GPP UMTS

31. QoS ranking 2 conversational Traffic class QoS Ranking 3 streaming Traffic class 1 Interactive Traffic class 1 Traffic handling priority 4 Interactive Traffic class 2 Traffic handling priority 5 Interactive Traffic class 3 Traffic handling priority 6 Background Traffic class 3GPP UMTS

32. Cross-layer per-class services • SVC : enhancement layers, base layer • RTP : ULP (Unequal Loss Protection) • diffServ : BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF • 802.11e : BK, BE, EE, CL, VI, VO, NC, TxOP • 802.16e : BE, nrtPS, rtPS, ertPS, UGS • How to map them? • Temporal priority, loss priority Higher priority gold bronze silver

33. The Main Feature of UMTS “Flexibility !!” 3GPP UMTS

34. 3GPP Organization • Speechcodec • Video codec • MBS (Multicast/Broadcast Service) • PSS (Packet Switch Streaming) 3GPP UMTS

35. SA4 • The responsibilities of WG4 (Codec) include the following items: • Development and maintenance of specifications for speech, audio, video, and multimedia codecs, as required to enable services specified for 3G terminals and systems. • Guidance to other 3GPP groups concerning required QoS parameters and other system implications, including channel coding requirements, imposed by different multimedia codecs in both circuit-switched and packet-switched environments. • Speech, audio, video, and multimedia quality evaluation (including new evaluation methods, testing, verification, characterisation, selection criteria) • End-to-end performance, including terminal characteristics, of speech, audio, video, and multimedia services. • Interoperability aspects with existing mobile and fixed networks from the codec point of view. • In conducting its work, the Codec WG will strive to specify the best possible technical solutions at the same time as considering the planned global use of the codecs and the flexibility needs imposed by different regional requirements and preferences, including possible differences in quality/capacity trade-offs. MediaLab , Kyunghee University

36. Examples of contributions SA4-video MediaLab , Kyunghee University

37. Example of PSS and MBMS • IMS based functional architecture MediaLab , Kyunghee University

38. IVS(Improved Video Support) • Justification • Evolved radio access technologies (HSPA & LTE) provide higher data rates, which allow the provision of services with higher quality. Mobile terminals shipped nowadays are compatible with several access technologies and equipped with larger screens and higher screen resolutions. • The evolution of access technologies and screen sizes is likely to continue in the future and the solution(s) will take into account these and future developments, e.g. through the co-existence of several UE generations inside the same network. • Use cases and solutions proposed for advanced UE require further analysis of performance. • Objective • The objective of this WI is to continue to identify video use cases that may require additional improvements as well as the evaluation of the benefits of scalable video as an additional video codec for the PSS and MBMS services. This evaluation will continue based on both the use cases identified in the technical report TR 26.903 as well as new use cases and would result in the update of that TR. MediaLab , Kyunghee University

39. IVS advanced UE(Release 9) • Video aspect ratio management • UE Power Saving and Fast Stream Switching in MBMS • Graceful Degradation • Rate adaptation in PSS when entering bad reception conditions • In MBMS services when entering bad reception conditions • Combined support of heterogeneous devices • Rate and quality adaptation with predefined multi quality content originating from external networks • HD Support for Mobile PC-based UEs • Conditional Access MediaLab , Kyunghee University

40. IVS Release 10 Work scope • ~Dec. 2010 • Continuing to evaluate options to support the use cases on advanced UEs • Evaluating the benefits and deployment scenarios of scalable video (e.g. H.264 Scalable Baseline Profile) compared to other H.264/AVC profiles • Depending on the outcome of the above evaluation:  • Provide recommendations on the adoption of scalable video in MBMS and PSS for specific use cases and specify a codec, profiles and levels • Provide recommendations on existing codec profiles and levels as needed for specific use cases and further enhancements to advanced terminals. • Provide recommendations on modifying or extending the related enablers (i.e. transport and storage formats)  • If necessary, provide guidelines on necessary adjustments to existing service components and functionality for improved integration of scalable video cross-layer design MediaLab , Kyunghee University