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The Swedish Waste Management System

The Swedish Waste Management System. Content. Part 1: Sweden Avfall Sverige – The Swedish Association of Waste Management Part 2 Waste – a Resource The Development Responsibilities Operations Part 3 Overview Model Infrastructure Collection Recovery and Recycling. Part 4

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The Swedish Waste Management System

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  1. The Swedish Waste Management System
  2. Content Part 1: Sweden Avfall Sverige – The Swedish Association of Waste Management Part 2 Waste – a Resource The Development Responsibilities Operations Part 3 OverviewModel Infrastructure Collection Recovery and Recycling Part 4 Waste Economy Meansof Control SuccessFactors Challenges Vision and Long Term Goals Part 5 Waste Management on Export – A new Swedish Platform
  3. Importantsuccessfactors Waste management is a public service Clear division ofroles and responsibilities Clear national environmentaltargetsshowing the direction and long-term regulations and economicalsteering instruments Co-operation betweenmunicipalities Collaborationbetween public and private sectors Holistic system view- an integrated part of the sustinable city Co-operation withinmunicipalites (Waste-, Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc departements) A system based on source separation with focus on communication and public engagement A system based on resourcerecovery
  4. Part 1 Sweden Avfall Sverige – The Swedish Association of Waste Management
  5. Sweden 9,5 million inhabitants 450 000 km2
  6. Avfall Sverige The Swedish Association of Waste Management 400 members, primarilywithin the public sector, butalso private enterprises -service providers for the Swedish citizens Networking, training and lobbying National memberof Cewep, ECN, ISWA and Municipal Waste Europe
  7. Part 2 Waste – a Resource The Development Responsibilities Operations
  8. Waste - a resource
  9. Waste - a resource 2012: 14,7 TWh districtenergy -> 20 % of the total districtenergyin Sweden - the heatingneedof 900 000 homes 1,7 TWh electricity – the needof 250 000 homes 2012: 353 GWh vehicle-fuelproduced from foodwastereplacedabout 30 millions liters of petrol. 725 000 tonnesbiofertilizerproducedreplacingindustrialfertilizer
  10. Waste hierarchy
  11. Uniqueresults
  12. Towardszerolandfilling - a 40 yearsperspective 62 % 1 %
  13. Important steps of development Late 1800:Cholera-epidemic - start of municipal waste management 1950’s: Districtheating systems developed 1970’s and 80’s:Oil crises - waste is beingused for districtheating
  14. An important part of the energy system Districtenergy in Sweden – fuelsupply: Electricity Heatpumps Oil Fossil fuels Biofuels Electricity Waste heat Waste 5 % Waste heat Heatpumps Waste Carbon Gas Waste Peat Oil Waste heat Peat Biofuels Biofuels 1993 1980 2008 Source:
  15. An important part of the energy system Districtenergy in Sweden – fuelsupply: Electricity Fossil fuel Heatpumps Waste heat Waste Peat Biofuels Source:
  16. Clear national targets and long-term regulations and economicalsteering instruments Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes) 50 % Landfill tax introduced Ban on landfillof combustiblewaste Producers’ responsibility introduced Ban on landfillof organicwaste Municipal waste planning compulsory National target on foodwaste recycling
  17. National target on foodwaste recycling Old national goal: By 2010 at least 35% of food waste from households, large-scale kitchens, stores and restaurants is recycled through biological treatment We reached approx. 25 % - with no legal requirements! New national goal: By 2018 at least 50 % of food waste from households, large-scale kitchens, stores and restaurants is separated and treated biologically so that nutrients are utilized, and by at least 40 % being treated to recover energy.
  18. Clear division ofroles and responsibilities Producers: Collection and treatmentofwastewithin the ProducersResponsibility Municipalities: Collection and treatmentof municipal waste Companies/Industries: Handling ofowngeneratedwaste Citizens/households: Separation and leave/transport wasteat indicatedcollectionpoints
  19. Benifits with public waste management responsibility Front runner position todevelop Competence World classinfrastructure Environmental and social benefits Ensures long term and holisticworkaccording to the wastehierarchy
  20. Plans, regulators, permissions and supervision National level Parliament National environmentaltargets The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency National waste plan Producesnational legislation and guidelines National environmental courts (5 plus onesuperior): Gives permissions to largertreatment plants Regional level(21 counties) County Administrative Board - government authority: Regional environmentaltargets Permissions and control for mosttreatmentplants Supervision of the regional treatmentcapacity Municipal level(290 municipalities) Municipal authorithies: Localenvironmentaltargets Localwaste plans and regulations Permissions and control of smallertreatmentplants
  21. Organisation and operation Municipalitiesdeal with theirresponsibility in different waysand design theirownwaste management organisation Organisation: About 50 % municipal companies Collection: 73 % outsourcing (mainlyto private companies) Treatment: About 65% outsourcing (mainlyto municipal companies)
  22. Owner-shipofwasteincinerators Municipally owned plant Co-owned regional waste company (2 out of 32) Full-owned energy company Full-owned multi-utility company Privatly owned plant (4,5 out of 32)
  23. Clear division ofroles and responsibilities Implementation and operation Responsibility Private and public wastemanagement sector Knowledge- and Equipment supply Treatment- and Collection services Producers Municipalities Companies/Industries Citizens/households
  24. Co-operation Co-operation – the solution to an increasingly complex waste management Thru Common municipal waste company (20 regional companies in Sweden) Common municipal waste association (8 associations in Sweden with totally 28 municipalities) Common board (4 common boards in Sweden with totally 9 municipalities) Common procurement on specific issues matters
  25. Part 3 OverviewModel Infrastructure Collection Recovery and Recycling
  26. Overviewmodel
  27. Public awarness - a successfactor Keymessages and tools for motivation and tofacilitatecollaboration: Communication Developmentofselfinstructive systems Feed back of the results and that ”whatIdo matters” Emphasize on the wasteholdersresponsibility and participation
  28. Waste prevention Long tradition of reusethroughflea markets, second hand, collection at recycling parks, etc Depositfee system for bevarage containers/bottles Foodwaste, textiles, electronical and demolitionwaste in focus – goalsproposed Largestchallenge: decouplingbetweengeneratedwaste and economicgrowth
  29. Infrastructure Collection ofwaste from householdsbased on source separation Curbsidecollection 5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off stations 630 manneddrop-off recycling centers Treatmentand recycling ofwastebased on the charcterof the waste 60 organicwastefacilities 34 waste to energy plants 78 landfills
  30. Collection Collection ofwaste from householdsbased on source separation Curbsidecollection for combustible and foodwaste (and sometimespackaging and paper) 5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off stations for for packaging and paper 630 manneddrop-off recycling centers for bulky, electronical and hazardouswaste Various solutions for hazardouswastecollection
  31. Innovation and trends in collection Multi compartmentcollection vessels Opticalsorting Vehicles on biogas Automated vacuum systems Underground containers
  32. Collection systems from household
  33. Infrastructure Treatment and recycling ofwastebased on the characterof the waste 60 organicwastefacilities 34 waste to energy plants 78 landfills
  34. Recycling centers
  35. A system based on resource focus Materials Foodwaste Combustiblewaste Hazardouswaste District energy Electricity Biogas Biofertilizer Directenvironmentalbenifit Products Virgin materials and energysaved Petrolsaved and industrialfertilizersaved Fossil and otherfuelssaved Environmentalprotectioncostssaved
  36. A system based on resource focus Materials Foodwaste Combustiblewaste Hazardouswaste 2012: 353 GWh vehicle-fuelproduced from foodwastereplacedabout 30 millions liters of petrol. 725 000 tonnesbiofertilizerproducedreplacingindustrialfertilizer District energy 2012 13 TWh districtenergy -> 20 % of the total districtenergyin Sweden / the heatingneedof 900 000 homes 1,7 TWh electricity ->needof 250 000 homes Electricity Biogas Biofertilizer Directenvironmentalbenifit Products Virgin materials and energysaved Petrolsaved and industrialfertilizersaved Fossil and otherfuelssaved Environmentalprotectioncostssaved
  37. Productionof biogas and bio-fertilizer The mostincreasingtreatmentmethod 58 plants Energy recovery by the productionof biogas used as a vehicle-fuel Recycling of nutritions tofarming-land by the productionof bio-fertilizer During 2012, 353 GWh vehicle-fuelwasproduced from foodwastereplacingabout 30 millions liters of petrol. 725000 tonnesbiofertilizer is producedyearly in Sweden.
  38. Snapshot - biologicaltreatmentofwaste2012
  39. Foodwaste recycling in the wastehierarchy Total wastereduction by improvedenvironmentalawarness Recycling ofnutrients Energy recovery by biogas production
  40. Useof biogas from waste Vehicle gas 353 GWh Electricity - Heating 15 GWh Flaring 26 GWh During 2012, 353 GWh vehicle-fuelwasproduced from wastereplacingabout 30 millions liters of petrol.
  41. Digestate – certified recycling 725 970 tonnesofdigestatewasproduced 2012 Nearly 100 % wasused in agriculture as bio-fertiliser Around 90 % of the digestate is certified
  42. Generation ofdistrictheating and electricity Covers around 20 % of the total districtheating in Sweden, equals the needs of 900 000 homes Produceselectricitycorresponding to the needs of 250 000 homes Advanced and secureflue gas treatment Most of the rest-productscan be recycled Total energyproduction 2012: Districtheating: 13 TWh Electricity: 1,7 TWh (includingindustralwaste)
  43. Energy recoveryofwaste 34 plants: Receiving 50 000 – 700 000 tonnes yearly (2012: 32 plants) Recovering yearly (2012: 32 plants) totally 5 042 000 tonnes of which 2 270 000 tonnes municipal waste Gate fee approx 370-710 SEK/tonnes (average 500 SEK)
  44. The mostenergyefficient plants in the world Recoveredenergy per tonnehouseholdwasteincinerated 3,0 Electricity MWh/ton Heat 2,5 2,0 If industrial waste was included in the diagram the Swedish result would be almost 3 MWh/tonnes 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Italy Spain Austria France Sweden Finland Belgium Norway Portugal Hungery Denmark Germany Great Britain Switzerland Czech Republic The Netherlands
  45. Efficient and cleanwaste incineration
  46. Clean waste incineration Most emissions decreasedwith90-99 % since1985: Strict emission regulations Fee on NOx (nitrooxygen)
  47. Reducedweight and volume 15-20 weight% bottomash 3-5 weight%fly ash
  48. From landfills to modern recycling facilities (Illustrator: Per Josefsson)
  49. An integrated part of a holistic system Products Farms Households Material recycling Sewage water cleaning Biosolids Waste Anaerobic digestion Vehiclefuel Landfill Biogas Cooling/ heatingproduction Incineration Electricityproduction Otherfuels
  50. Part 4 Waste Economy Meansof Control SuccessFactors Challenges Vision and Long Term Goals
  51. Waste economy Municipal waste: All costscovered by municipal wastefees (not by taxes) The fee is decided by each municipal board Non-profit Allowed to be differentiated to encouragesource separation for recycling Municipal wastewithinproducers’ responsibility: Costscovered by a feeadded to the priceofeveryproduct The fee is decided by the producers
  52. Waste fee Averageyearlyfee per household 2011: Houses: 220 EUR Flats: 140 EUR Averagedailyfee per household
  53. Costs for municipal waste management Cost for municipal waste management, 2010, average
  54. Meansofcontrol Environmentalobjectives Governmentregulations, bans, and taxes, for example: Tax on landfilling (since 2000) Ban on landfilling of combustiblewastesince 2002 Ban on landfilling of organicwastesince 2005 Differentiated municipal waste tariffs Municipal wasteplanningand regulations Information and communication
  55. Importantsuccessfactors Waste management is a public service Clear division ofroles and responsibilities Clear national environmentaltargetsshowing the direction and long-term regulations and economicalsteering instruments Co-operation betweenmunicipalities Collaborationbetween public and private sectors Holistic system view- an integrated part of the sustinable city Co-operation withinmunicipalites (Waste-, Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc departements) A system based on source separation with focus on communicationand public engagement A system based on resourcerecovery
  56. Generatedhouseholdwaste in Sweden is predictedto double 2010-2030 (Swedish EPA) Generatedwasteworldwide is predictedtorisewith 72 % 2010-2025 (What a Waste-A global reviewof Solid Waste Management, mars 2012, World Bank Group)
  57. Avfall Sverige’s vision Zerowaste! Long-termgoalsuntil2020: Decouplingbetweengeneratedwaste and economicgrowth Strong upwardmovement in wastehierarchy Economic growth BNP Generatedwaste
  58. Part 5 Waste Management on Export – A new Swedish Platform
  59. Swedish Waste Management on Export A new Swedish platformbuilt on co-operation between the public and private waste management sector SosExpo Warszawa Mars 2013
  60. Aim with the new platform To facilitate the export of Swedish knowledge about waste management, products and services within the waste sector, through cooperation among the public and the private waste management sector.
  61. A strategybased on cooperation A networkofactors in the public and private waste management sector in Sweden: Municipalities/municipal companies Knowledgesuppliers Technlogysuppliers A strong Swedish platform with a unique mix ofcompetences
  62. Swedish Waste Management on Export Contact and information Project leader: Jenny Åström jenny.astrom@avfallsverige.se +46-70-5136612 Information aboutswedishwaste management in english : www.avfallsverige.se/in-english Information about the national platform for export ofknowledge and technology: www.avfallsverige.se/in-english/export
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