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The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

Learn about skin anatomy, functions, and associated structures in dermatology. Identify lesions, signs, and symptoms related to the skin, and understand skin neoplasms. Enhance medical vocabulary comprehension.

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The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

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  1. The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

  2. Chapter 16Skin

  3. Name the layers of the skin and the accessory structures associated with the skin. • Build medical words using the combining forms that are related to the specialty of dermatology. • Identify lesions, signs, and symptoms, and pathologic conditions that relate to the skin. Chapter Goals

  4. Describe laboratory tests and clinical procedures that pertain to the skin and recognize relevant abbreviations. • Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records. Chapter Goals

  5. Skin: integumentary system weighs 8 to10 lbs. covers 22 sq. ft. in average adult Introduction

  6. Provides protective membrane • Skin glands lubricate and cool the skin • Receptor for sensations • Helps maintain body temperature Functions of Skin

  7. Produces sweat: sweat glands produce watery secretion that evaporates and cools Produces sebum: sebaceous glands produce oily secretion that lubricates skin and hair Receives sensation: pain, temperature, pressure, and touch Thermoregulates: interprets message from heat center in the brain Functions of Skin

  8. Epidermis: outermost, thin cellular membrane Dermis: next layer; dense fibrous, connective tissue Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis): thick, fat-containing tissue Structure of the Skin

  9. Structure of the Skin

  10. Structure of the Skin

  11. HAIR: cells filled with the hard protein; keratin • Hair follicles: shafts that hold the hair • Five million hairs on body; 100,000 on head • Melanocytes at the root form the color • Grow .5 inch (1.3 cm) per month • Cutting does not affect growth Acessory Organs of the Skin

  12. Accessory Organs of the Skin

  13. Accessory Organs of Skin NAILS: hard keratin plates covering toes and fingers • lunula • cuticle • paronychium

  14. GLANDS: sebaceous and sweat • Sebaceous glands secrete oily sebum into hair follicle to lubricate. • Sweat glands secrete into pores to moisten and cool. • Both are subject to bacterial growth. Accessory Organs of Skin

  15. Sebaceous gland, eccrine sweat gland, and apocrine sweat gland. Accessory Organs of Skin

  16. COMBINING FORMS • adip/o fat • albin/o white • caus/o burn, burning • cauter/o heat, burn • cutane/o skin • derm/o/ skin Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning

  17. COMBINING FORMS dermat/o skin diaphor/o profuse sweating erythem/o redness erythemat/o redness hidr/o sweat ichthy/o scaly, dry Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning

  18. COMBINING FORMS • kerat/o hard, horny tissue • leuk/o white • lip/o fat • melan/o black • myc/o fungus • onych/o nail Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning

  19. COMBINING FORMS phyt/o plant pil/o hair, hair follicle py/o pus rhythid/o wrinkle seb/o sebum squam/o scalelike Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning

  20. COMBINING FORMS • steat/o fat • trich/o hair • ungu/o nail • xanth/o yellow • xer/o dry Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning

  21. Which combining form refers to white? • chlor/o • jaund/o • melan/o • albin/o QUICK QUIZ:

  22. QUICK QUIZ: • Which combining form refers to the same color as jaund/o? • xanth/o • chlor/o • erythr/o • cyan/o

  23. Colors

  24. CutaneousLesions Label the lesions

  25. CutaneousLesions Review the lesions

  26. Signs and Symptoms Alopecia: absence of hair where it normally grows

  27. Signs and Symptoms Ecchymosis: blue-black marks on the skin

  28. Signs and Symptoms Petechia: small pinpoint hemorrhage

  29. Signs and Symptoms Urticaria: acute allergic reaction with red, round wheals on skin

  30. Abnormal Conditions Acne: papular and pustular eruption of skin with increased production of sebum

  31. Abnormal Conditions Burns: injury to tissue due to heat, chemical, electric shock, lightning or radiation. Image shows (A) Second degree burn and (B) Third degree burn.

  32. Cellulitis: diffuse acute infection of skin • Eczema: inflammation of skin with erythematous and papulovesicular lesions caused by allergy • Exanthematous viral diseases: rash due to virus (for example, rubella) • Gangrene: death of tissue with loss of blood supply Abnormal Conditions

  33. Impetigo: contagious pyoderma caused by staph or strep • Psoriasis: chronic recurrent dermatosis with silver gray scales that itch • Scabies: parasitic (tiny mites) and infectious pruritus • Scleroderma: chronic and progressive disease of skin with hardening of connective tissue Abnormal Conditions

  34. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs Abnormal Conditions

  35. Abnormal Conditions Tinea: infectionof the skin caused by fungus Tinea corporis Tinea unguium

  36. Abnormal Conditions Vitiligo: Loss of pigment in areas of skin Vitiligo

  37. Skin Neoplasms — Benign Callus Keloid

  38. Keratosis: thickened area of epidermis • Leukoplakia: white thickened patches on tongue or cheek • Nevus: pigmented lesion • Verruca: warts caused by virus Skin Neoplasms — Benign

  39. Skin Neoplasms — Cancerous Basal cell carcinoma Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

  40. Skin Neoplasms — Cancerous Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis. Squamous cell carcinoma

  41. Skin Neoplasms — Cancerous The ABCDs of malignant melanoma. A. Asymmetry B. Border, irregular or circumscribed D. Diameter, usually larger than 6mm C. Color variation

  42. Skin Neoplasms — Cancerous Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules. Kaposi sarcoma

  43. Bacterial analyses: pus or fluid samples examined to detect microorganisms Fungal tests: scrapings for culture and microscopic examination after treatment with KOH Laboratory Tests

  44. Cryosurgery: destroy tissue with subzero temperatures using liquid nitrogen Curettage: scrape lesion with sharp curet Electrodesiccation: destroy tissue by burning with electric spark Clinical Procedures

  45. Mohs surgery: remove thin layers of growth to examine under microscope (basal and squamous cell) Skin biopsy: punch and shave to remove for examination in path lab Skin test: test reaction of body to allergen with skin test (scratch or patch tests) Clinical Procedures

  46. ABCDEasymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution (or change) —characteristics associated with melanoma bx biopsy Derm. dermatology DLEdiscoid lupus erythematosus PPD purified protein derivative PUVA psoralen-ultravoilet A light therapy SLE systemic lupus erythematosus SC subcutaneous Abbreviations

  47. COMBINING FORMS adip/o ___________ albin/o ___________ caus/o ___________ cauter/o ___________ cutane/o ___________ derm/o ___________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  48. COMBINING FORMS adip/o fat albin/o white caus/o burn, burning cauter/o heat, burn cutane/o skin derm/o skin Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  49. COMBINING FORMS dermat/o ___________ diaphor/o ___________ erythem/o ___________ erythemat/o ___________ hidr/o ___________ ichthy/o ___________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  50. COMBINING FORMS • dermat/o skin • diaphor/o profuse sweating • erythem/o redness • erythemat/o redness • hidr/o sweat • ichthy/o scaly, dry Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

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