ECE 5465 Advanced Microcomputers

1. ECE 5465Advanced Microcomputers Lecture 1 - Introduction

2. Outline • Course Overview • Historical Perspective Lecture 1 - Introduction

3. Course Overview • Syllabus Review • Let’s Go Over the Syllabus • The Spring 16 semester offering will focus on the ARM architecture. • Special issues this quarter • From Syllabus • Grading Policy • From Syllabus Lecture 1 - Introduction

4. Historical Perspective • Late 60’s – 4 bit calculator chips • 1972 – 4040, 8080, 6800 (6 mo later) ~$300 • 1974,75 – Intel 8085, Zilog Z80 ~$300 • 1975 – MOS Technology 6502 ~$25 • 1975,76 – TI 9900 (16 bit processor) • 1978 – Intel 8086 – 16MHz ~ $3.95 • 1979 – Motorola 68000 – 12 MHz ~$12.95 • 1983,84 – Motorola 68020 – 16 MHz ~$39.95 Lecture 1 - Introduction

5. Architecural Evolution • 4 bit internal – 4 bit data bus – 8 bit address • 8 bit internal – 8 bit data bus – 16 bit address • 16 bit internal – 8 bit data bus – 20 bit address • 16 bit internal – 16 bit data bus – 22 bit addr • 32 bit internal – 16 bit data bus – 24 bit addr • 32 bit internal – 32 bit data bus – 28 bit addr • 64 bit internal – 32 bit data bus – 32 bit addr • 64 bit internal – 64 bit data bus – 32 bit addr • 128 bit internal?????? and the future ????? • The evolution will continue Lecture 1 - Introduction

6. Prices • 1992 • MC68000L8 - $7.95 – 8MHz • MC68010L10 - $12.95 – 10 MHz • MC6809 - $3.95 – 2 MHz • 2006 data • MC6809 - $3.95 – 2 MHz • MC68000L8 - $8.95 – 8 MHz • Intel Pentium - $28.05 – 166 MHz • Intel Celleron Dual Core 1.66GHz, 512Cache - $40 • Intel Core2Duo 3GHz 6MBcache 1.3GHz FSB - $180 • Today - (prices as of 2012) • Core2Duo,3GHz,6MB cache,1.3GHz FSB - $170 • Core2Quad,2.5GHz,4MB cache,1.3GHz FSB - $150 Lecture 1 - Introduction

7. And the price for memory • In the 1970s • A 16 MB memory card for a TMS 80 (max memory 64 MB) was $200.00 • Today • DDR2 2G Memory DIMM – 800MHz - $30 • DDR3 4G Memory DIMM– 1.333MHz - $50 • 16 G Byte MMC memory card - $20 to $30 Lecture 1 - Introduction

8. Applications and use • General Purpose PCs and Workstations • Scientific/Engineering • Computer Automated Manufacturing Equip • Robotic Control Systems • Medical Equipment • Business Computers and point of sale systems • Desktop Publishing • Data Communications and Networking • Automotive uses • Microwave ovens, Stoves, dishwashers, refrigerators, Lecture 1 - Introduction

9. Course Goals • Understand more advanced micro-computer architecture concepts through the study of a representative architecture. • Previous = The 68000 family is one of several microprocessor families available. It has a relatively simple instruction set and representative interfacing capabilities. It also supports multitasking. • Now = The ARM architecture Lecture 1 - Introduction

10. Some basic definitions • Microprocessor – a single CPU on a single IC chip. Contains both control and RALU • Does not have on chip memory, timers, or I/O ports • Microcomputer – uProcessor with memory, I/O, timing, control, interfaces, powersupply • Microcontroller – has the elements of a microprocessor with supporting memory, I/O, timers, clock, interfaces (such as A-to-D) on board. • RALU – Register/Arithmetic Logic Unit Lecture 1 - Introduction

11. Von Neumann Atchitecture Lecture 1 - Introduction

12. Von Neumann Atchitecture Lecture 1 - Introduction

13. Example of von Neumann Architecture Lecture 1 - Introduction

14. Busses and Computer Structures 5 Components of a mcomputer system 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lecture 1 - Introduction

15. Busses and Computer Structures 5 Components of a mcomputer system 1. Control Unit 2. Main Memory 3. ALU 4. Registers 5. Busses and I/O Lecture 1 - Introduction

16. System Example • Morse Code Transmitter Lecture 1 - Introduction

17. Another Example • General purpose personal computer Lecture 1 - Introduction

18. The ARM architecture • The text focuses around a SOC based on a microprocessor core and in designing the core itself. Why is a modern processor designed the way it is? • BUY THE BOOK!!! YOU WILL NEED IT!!! Lecture 1 - Introduction

19. ARM • 26 April 1985 – first ARM prototypes arrive at Acorn Computers Limited in Cambridge, England. Chips were fabricated by VLIS Technology, Inc. in San Jose, Ca. • A few hours after arrival they were running code. A bottle of bubbly was opened for the celebration. For the remainder of the 80s, ARM was quietly developed to underpin Acorn’s desktop products which formed the basic of educational computing in the UK. • Over the 90s, ARM advanced onto the world stage and established a market leading position in high performance embedded applications. Lecture 1 - Introduction

20. USE today • All cell phones have multiple ARM processor chips in them. • All vehicles have multiple ARM processors in them. Lecture 1 - Introduction

21. This class • Students will form into groups of 3. • Each group of 3 will make multiple presentation over the semester. • By Wednesday of week 1 a list of presentation topics for week 2 will be set up. Week 2 will only be a class on Wednesday. • Each day 2 groups will make a 15 to 20 minute presentation of the topic to be followed by general discussion. • The presentation will be graded so it important that all group members talk about 1/3 the time. Lecture 1 - Introduction

22. Assignment • Read Introduction and chapter 1 of “ARM system-on-chip architecture” • Remainder of today and Wednesday – form into groups • Wednesday - Microbaby Lecture 1 - Introduction

23. Assignment • Go to Wikipedia and read on John von Neumann. Write and 2 or 3 page summary of his life and career. Due to Drop Box on CARMEN. Lecture 1 - Introduction