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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries. Lesson Objectives . Describe fractures, sprains, dislocations, strains, and contusions. Assess and explain how to treat bone injuries. Assess and explain how to treat joint injuries, including dislocations and strains.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries

  2. Lesson Objectives • Describe fractures, sprains, dislocations, strains, and contusions. • Assess and explain how to treat bone injuries. • Assess and explain how to treat joint injuries, including dislocations and strains. • Assess and explain how to treat muscle injuries, including strains and muscle cramps.

  3. Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries • Open or closed fracture • Sprains • Strains • Dislocations • Contusions

  4. Bone Injuries (1 of 5) • Assessment • Signs and symptoms • Deformity • Open wound • Tenderness • Swelling • When in doubt, treat as a fracture.

  5. Bone Injuries (2 of 5) • Assessment • Ask how the injury occurred. • Look at the injury for deformity, open wounds, and swelling. • Feel for tenderness and grating sensations.

  6. Bone Injuries (3 of 5) • Treatment • Control bleeding and treat for shock. • Expose the injury. • Check for damage to blood vessels and nerves: • Circulation • Sensation • Movement

  7. Bone Injuries (4 of 5) • Treatment • Realign deformities if medical care will be delayed. • Splint the fracture to stabilize it. • Limit swelling and pain (RICE): • Rest • Ice • Compression • Elevation

  8. Bone Injuries (5 of 5) • Open fractures • Clean wound and irrigate bone end. • Gently try to correct deformities. • Cover wounds with dry, sterile dressings. • Splint and wrap extremity.

  9. Joint Injuries (1 of 4) • Dislocations • Signs and symptoms: • Deformity • Severe pain • Inability to move the joint

  10. Joint Injuries (2 of 4) • Dislocations • What to do: • Evaluate and manage dislocations similar to fractures. • If care is delayed or circulation compromised, attempt to reduce dislocations.

  11. Joint Injuries (3 of 4) • Sprains: What to look for • Pain • Tenderness • Swelling • Stiffness • Decreased function • Bruising • Joint that moves in abnormal directions

  12. Joint Injuries (4 of 4) • Sprains: What to do • Evaluate and manage similar to fractures. • If care is delayed or circulation compromised, attempt to reduce dislocations. • Apply RICE procedures. • Splint or tape for support.

  13. Muscle Injuries (1 of 4) • Strains and tendon injuries • What to look for: • Limited movement • Tenderness • Swelling • Bruising • Grating or cracking sensation with tendonitis

  14. Muscle Injuries (2 of 4) • Strains and tendon injuries • What to do: • Apply RICE procedures. • Stretch affected muscle gently. • Give anti-inflammatory medications. • Splint if pain is severe.

  15. Muscle Injuries (3 of 4) • Muscle cramps • What to look for: • Sudden onset of severe pain • Spasm that prevents movement • A firm area that may be tender

  16. Muscle Injuries (4 of 4) • Muscle cramps • What to do: • Have the victim stretch. • Apply steady pressure over the muscle. • Apply ice. • If caused by heat exertion, give mildly salted water or sports drink.

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