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Early American Colonization

Early American Colonization. Religion as a catalyst. England was a Catholic country Protestant Reformation- 1517- Martin Luther Henry VIII breaks from the Catholic Church and forms his own Anglican Church with himself at the head Catholicism and Anglican were nearly identical

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Early American Colonization

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  1. Early American Colonization

  2. Religion as a catalyst • England was a Catholic country • Protestant Reformation- 1517- Martin Luther • Henry VIII breaks from the Catholic Church and forms his own Anglican Church with himself at the head • Catholicism and Anglican were nearly identical • Puritans wanted to change or PURIFY the church • James I refused any changes to the structure of the church • Puritans wanted to leave England

  3. Economy • English merchants began forming JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES to increase their profit • …They pooled their $$ so they could afford large projects such as trade and colonize other parts of the world.

  4. Europe’s Balance of Power • England and Spain were allies • England became Protestant AND began exploring America • Spain remained Catholic and had a claim to the land in America • Queen Elizabeth supported Dutch rebellion of Spain with PRIVATEERS (Privately owned ships licensed by government to attack foreign ships) • Major rivalry between the two countries!!!!

  5. Gilbert and Raleigh • Privateers requested an outpost in America for naval operations (in Caribbean) • Gilbert failed at colonizing • Sir Walter Raleigh- Roanoke Colony (NC) • 1585- failed attempt • 1587- men, women and children- John White returned to England for supplies. War between England and Spain delayed his return until 1590. Colony was gone.

  6. Roanoke Island

  7. Jamestown • 1606- Virginia Company received a charter • Dec. 20, 1606- sailed on the Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery- all men • Captain John Smith- leader- began trading with the Powhatan Confederacy. This helped the colony to get through the hard winters.

  8. Jamestown

  9. Problems • Swampy with mosquitoes • Colonists unaccustomed to manual labor • Upper-class colonists refused to do manual labor • Governing council argued constantly • Crime • Sickness • Food shortages

  10. New Colonists Arrive • Virginia Company enticed settlers with the promise of land. • New settlers arrived causing food shortages. • Winter- colonists became desperate and stole food from the Powhatans- responded by attacking colonists

  11. “Starving Time” • Winter 1609-1610 • Colonists ate anything they could find- including resorting to cannibalism • By spring most colonists had died- only 60 remained

  12. Changes in Jamestown • New governor arrives with strict new rules • Colonists must work to eat • The colony survives but fails to thrive • Colony begins growing tobacco, which was popular in Europe • Colony earns the right to elect its own assembly in 1618- House of Burgesses

  13. Headright System • Used to attract more settlers • Anyone who bought at share in the company or paid for their passage received 50 acres. They received an additional 50 acres for each family members of 15 and for each servant transported to Virginia • The Virginia Company also sent 90 women to Jamestown in 1619

  14. Conflict • Colonists were encroaching on Native American land by 1622 • Natives responded by attacking colonists and devastating towns • King James responded by rescinding the charter and establishing a royal colony with a governor appointed by the king

  15. Maryland • George Calvert- Lord Baltimore • Proprietary Colony • Refuge for Catholics

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