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Explore the mysteries of gravity and motion across different celestial bodies, including Earth and the Moon. From Newton's laws to acceleration and momentum, discover how gravity shapes our universe. Dive into concepts like angular momentum conservation, acceleration due to gravity, and more. Unravel the forces at play in collisions, free-fall scenarios, and gravitational interactions. Enhance your understanding of weight, mass, and forces through practical examples and thought experiments. Join us on this gravitational journey through space and time!
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Without the force of gravity, what would the moon’s path be? velocity Fg Earth m Hint: Use Newton’s 1st law of motion Fg
Newton’s second law of motion • The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to the object and inversely proportional to the object’s mass.
Use Newton’s second law to solve for acceleration. • If the object’s mass is 3 kg and a net force of 12 N is applied, what is the acceleration?
Use Newton’s second law to solve for acceleration. • If the object’s mass is 4 kg and a net force of 2 N is applied, what is the acceleration?
The acceleration due to gravity at the earth’s surface. • Notice that g represents a special acceleration. It does not stand for gravity.
The force of gravity between a person and the earth. • , mE, and d are the same for all objects at the earth’s surface. = mpg The person’s weight d is the radius of the earth mE is the mass ot the earth is a constant mp is the mass of the person
Therefore g is inversely proportional to d2 = 10 m/s2 at the earth’s surface
What is the value of g, when an object is 4 times its original distance to the center of the earth?
Weight is the force of gravity between an object and a planet. • If you double the mass of the planet, your weight will double. = mpg The person’s weight
The acceleration due to gravity on the moon: gmoon= 2 m/s2
Moon walk • We would walk in slow motion on the moon because g on the moon is only 1/6 that on the earth’s surface.
When the string is cut, which path will the heavy ball take? razor C B A
Conservation of angular momentum • When the moment of inertia decreases, the angular velocity must increase in order to conserve angular momentum.
This is a Newton’s 3rd law example • What is the reaction force? Force of gravity on the ball from the earth. Earth
Newton’s second law reveals that the acceleration due to gravity is a constant, when air friction is ignored. • g is a special acceleration which equals 10 m/s2 near the earth’s surface.
Which vehicle will experience the greater force during collision? • Hint: Use Newton’s 3rd law of motion. Momentum transfer Corp. V V
Why is it safer to be in the truck? • Hint: Use Newton’s second law of motion. Momentum transfer Corp. V V
Acceleration is inversely proportional to the object’s mass. • The larger mass truck experiences a much smaller acceleration than the car. Acceleration kills.
What is the acceleration of the rock at the moment it reaches the top of its trajectory?
All objects, in free-fall, near the earth’s surface, accelerate down-disregarding friction of course. • Do you know the rate of acceleration?
Where should the zoo keeper aim if he knows that the monkey is not going to let go?
On which side is the acceleration greater? • Hint: The total mass of both sides is not equal. kg kg 100 N 100 N 10 kg 100 N 100 N
What does the spring scale read? • Zero, 100 N or 200 N? 100 Newtons 100 Newtons
Which path will the pellet take? Neglect gravity and air friction. • Hint: Use Newton’s 1st law of motion. B C A
