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PROCESS CONTROL REVISION CLASS

Prepared by: Cesar Mendoza Applied Technology Teacher. PROCESS CONTROL REVISION CLASS. What is a PROCESS?. PROCESS is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular result. . Examples of PROCESS: Cooling – Cooling a room with AC

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PROCESS CONTROL REVISION CLASS

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  1. Prepared by: Cesar Mendoza Applied Technology Teacher PROCESS CONTROL REVISION CLASS

  2. What is a PROCESS? PROCESS is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular result. Examples of PROCESS: Cooling – Cooling a room with AC Cooking – Cooking food

  3. General Control System

  4. Type of Process control Automatic Manual

  5. Measurement System TRANSDUCERis the primary component of both manual and automatic measurement instruments. (Sometimes called Sensor) TRANSDUCER converts the measured physical quantity from one form to another. Example: Thermocouple -> –> voltage

  6. Instrument Characteristic ACCURACYof an instrument is how close a measured value is to the true value. Good Accuracy Poor Accuracy

  7. ACCURACYhow close measured value to true value. Good Accuracy Poor Accuracy

  8. Instrument Characteristic PRECISION – ability of instrument to give the similar reading when the same physical quantity is measured more than once Good Precision (but not accurate) Poor Precision

  9. PRECISION – similar reading for many measurement Good Precision But not accurate Poor Precision

  10. Instrument Characteristic RANGEthe minimum and maximum values that the instrument can measure. Max = 50 C Min = -40 C Range = -40 – 50 C Max =120F Min = 40F Range = 40 - 120

  11. RANGEminimum and maximum values instrument can measure . Max =260 Min = 0 Range = 0-260 kph

  12. Instrument Characteristic SENSITIVITYof instrument is its ability to detect small changes in the measured quantity Sensitivity = Change in Output / Change in Input Sensitivity of Thermocouple: 0.25 mV / C

  13. LINEARITY output signal is proportional to the input physical quantity Linear Device Non-Linear Device

  14. Types of Measurement Error Random errors -small differences in the output reading when the same quantity is measured a number of times. Systematic errors are errors in the output readings of a measurement instrument that are unlikely to be revealed by repeated readings.

  15. Two main sources of systematic errors system disturbance due to measurement effect of modifying inputs

  16. Example of systematic error Zero Adjust Parallax

  17. REVIEW QUESTION: ___________ is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular result. _____________ is the primary component of both manual and automatic measurement instruments. _____________converts the measured physical quantity from one form to another. ___________ of an instrument is how close a measured value is to the true value. ___________ability of instrument to give the similar reading when the same physical quantity is measured more than once

  18. REVIEW QUESTION: _____________ the minimum and maximum values that the instrument can measure. ___________of instrument is its ability to detect small changes in the measured quantity. _____________ output signal is proportional to the input physical quantity. _____________ small differences in the output reading when the same quantity is measured a number of times. _____________ are errors in the output readings of a measurement instrument that are unlikely to be revealed by repeated readings.

  19. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE MANUAL PROCESS AUTOMATIC PROCESS DIGITAL PROCESS 1. ANSWER: ___________________

  20. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE ACCURATE AND PRECISE ACCURATE – NOT PRECISE PRECISE – NOT ACCURATE NOT ACCURATE- NOT PRECISE 2. ANSWER: ___________________

  21. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE ACCURATE AND PRECISE ACCURATE – NOT PRECISE PRECISE – NOT ACCURATE NOT ACCURATE- NOT PRECISE 3. ANSWER: ___________________

  22. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE ACCURATE AND PRECISE ACCURATE – NOT PRECISE PRECISE – NOT ACCURATE NOT ACCURATE- NOT PRECISE 4. ANSWER: ___________________

  23. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE ZERO ADJUST ERROR RANNDOM ERROR PARALLAX ERROR EYE ERROR 5. ANSWER: ___________________

  24. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE ZERO ADJUST ERROR RANDOM ERROR PARALLAX ERROR EYE ERROR 6. ANSWER: ___________________

  25. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE FLOW METER SOLENOID VALVE MANUAL VALVE SERVO VALVE 7. ANSWER: ___________________

  26. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE FLOW METER SOLENOID VALVE MANUAL VALVE SERVO VALVE 8. ANSWER: ___________________

  27. REVIEW QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE FIGURE FLOW METER SOLENOID VALVE MANUAL VALVE SERVO VALVE 9. ANSWER: ___________________

  28. What is SYSTEM? SYSTEM is set of elements that accomplish a defined objective. ELEMENT OF CONTROL SYSTEM

  29. An external physical quantity is converted to an electrical signal at the input, and the signal changes with respect to the physical quantity INPUT An external physical quantity is converted to an electrical signal at the input, and the signal changes with respect to the physical quantity

  30. OUTPUT At the output, the internal physical quantity is converted to a visual display, an audible indication or a mechanical output Buzzer, LED and motor as output devices

  31. PROCESS The process sub-system changes the signal according to the requirement To compare the two input signals and decide which of them is larger

  32. LOGIC GATE To combine two or more signals.

  33. LATCH To hold or latch a signal for some time until it is needed.

  34. To amplify or increase the level of a signal.

  35. SIGNAL A signalcarries information, and this can be digital information or analog information. Digital information can have only two states, either on (high) or off (low)

  36. ANALOG SIGNAL Analog information can have a range of continuous values (minimum to maximum)

  37. DRIVER Driver type of process sub-system that is used to drive the output sub-system.

  38. KITCHEN SCALE SYSTEM

  39. TYPES OF SYSTEM CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM - Systems that use sensors to detect and monitor the output of the system. The output information from the sensors is called feedback CONTROLLER ACTUATOR PROCESS MEASUREMENT (FEEDBACK)

  40. OPEN LOOP SYSTEM Open-loop systems do not use sensors for feedback, and are independent of the output EXAMPLE: OPEN LOOP

  41. HEATING SYSTEM Set Point PROCESSOR (CONTROLLER) BOILER (ACTUATOR) HOT AIR (PROCESS) SENSOR (MEASUREMENT) FEEDBACK

  42. AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP SYSTEM DIAGRAM

  43. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

  44. REVIEW QUESTION: An external physical quantity is converted to an electrical signal at the __________ ______________is set of elements that accomplish a defined objective. At the ___________, the internal physical quantity is converted to a visual display, an audible indication or a mechanical output. ____________ process sub system that compare the two input signals and decide which of them is larger. ______________carries information, and this can be digital information or analoginformation

  45. REVIEW QUESTION: _______________Systems that use sensors to detect and monitor the output of the system. _______________ do not use sensors for feedback, and are independent of the output. ________________type of process sub-system that is used to drive the output sub-system. ________________information can have only two states, either on (high) or off (low). ________________information can have a range of continuous values (minimum to maximum)

  46. Good luck in your EXAM

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