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Formation of the Universe

Formation of the Universe. What is the Big Bang theory?. The Big Bang Theory states that the Universe began 13.6 billion yrs ago as a singularity and has been expanding ever since. But it wasn’t big, and there was no bang!. Big Bang Proof. Testing the Big Bang model.

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Formation of the Universe

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  1. Formation of the Universe

  2. What is the Big Bang theory? The Big Bang Theory states that the Universe began 13.6 billion yrs ago as a singularity and has been expanding ever since.But it wasn’t big, and there was no bang!

  3. Big Bang Proof Testing the Big Bang model Prediction: The universe is expanding Observation: Galaxies are moving apart from each other

  4. Is the Universe expanding?

  5. What is Red Shift? The observation of red shift is a key piece of evidence for the Big Bang theory about the origin of the Universe. Scientists examining the light emitted by stars observe dark lines in the spectrum caused by different elements, such helium, in the stars being studied. Edwin Hubble observed that the pattern of dark lines produced by the light coming from distant galaxies is shifted towards the red endof the spectrum. This red shift suggests that distant galaxies are moving away from Earth and supports the idea of an expanding Universe. Red shift occurs because of the Doppler effect, which can be observed in sound waves and electromagnetic waves.

  6. What is Red Shift? Red shift occurs because of the Doppler effect, which can be observed in sound waves and electromagnetic waves.

  7. What is the Doppler effect?

  8. What is the Doppler effect?

  9. This means that very distant galaxies are moving faster all of which is evidence for the Big Bang theory. How does the Doppler effect work in space? The Doppler effect means that sound moving away from an observer appears to be lower in frequency. The same thing happens with light from distant galaxies, which appears to be shifted towards the low frequency, red end of the spectrum. This means the distant galaxies must be moving away from the Earth. It has also been observed that the further away a galaxy is, the greater the amount of red shift.

  10. Big Bang Proof Testing the Big Bang model Prediction: If the universe was denser and hotter in the past, we should see evidence of left-over heat from early universe. Observation: Left-over heat from the early universe. (Penzias and Wilson, 1965)

  11. Evidence of the Big Bang – CMB The other key piece of evidence for the Big Bang theory is cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). CMB is microwave radiation coming from every direction in space CMB was discovered accidentally right in New Jersey. Searching for radio waves in the Milky Way, they heard a humming sound in their antenna that they couldn’t explain.

  12. Space Sounds

  13. The Universe from beginning to end

  14. The Future of the Universe Dark Energy 74% Normal Matter4% Dark Matter22%

  15. The Future of the Universe Dark Matter, discovered by Vera Rubin, is a new and unknown form of matter that exists. But its gravity works the same way as matter. In order for a new particle to behave as dark matter, it must be heavy (probably heavier than a neutron) and weakly interacting with normal matter so that it does not emit light. Dark matter must be the basic building block of the largest structures in the universe: galaxies and clusters.

  16. The Future of the Universe We know the universe is expanding faster than we thought. The answer may be dark energy. We don’t know what dark energy is, but it is everywhere and it’s force increases as space expands. Therefore, as the Universe expands, gravity weakens and dark energy strengthens. This supports an open Universe theory.

  17. Summary The big-bang theory states that the Universe is expanding due to a large ‘explosion’ (big bang) billions of years ago. big bang theory • Evidence to support this theory includes: • The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation(CMB), which is thought to be an ‘echo’ of the initial explosion. • Hubble’s observations about red shift.; Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation red shift • This theory gives rise to different fates for the Universe: • If the mass of the Universe is smaller, it will eventually start to contract due to gravity – closed Universe. • If the mass of the Universe is large enough, it will expand forever as there is not enough gravity to halt its expansion – open Universe. Dark matter and darkenergymay prove this! Closed Universe open Universe matter energy

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