Final exam

1. Final exam • Friday, April 17th • 3-5:00 p.m. • Location • SN3042

2. Format: • Identifications 6 @ 5% (30%) • Shorter essay (30%) • Longer essay (40%) • Choice on all sections • The exam covers the entire course, but • Greater emphasis on material since the midterm • You should be able to comment on broad changes throughout the 20th century – e.g. ways in which postwar Europe was different or similar to earlier periods

3. Academic Exchanges • The Department of Political Science has academic exchanges with the University of Limerick or the University of Uppsala (Sweden) • How it works: • You spend one semester at the host university • You pay MUN tuition • You transfer the credits back to MUN • When? • fall or winter, 2009-2010 • Who should go? • POSC students in their 3rd year or beyond • Students with an average of B or better • How? • Talk to Dr. Wolinetz, Dr. Croci or Jeff Loder • Apply by April 8th • Applications available in POSC Dept. Office

4. Europe in the world O. Croci Dept. of Political Science

5. International politics are ‘Europe-centered’ Europe is a number of rival ‘modern states’ Power politics (Wilson regarded as a ‘hopeless utopian, his ‘14 points’ as ‘lofty principles’ Sphere of action: the world (esp. Africa and Asia) International politics are ‘Washington centered’ Europe is a ‘post-modern’ space Europe as a ‘civilian power’ (multilateralism, elaboration of common norms and values, power of attraction) Sphere of action: primarily, regional neighborhood Europe at the turn of the 20th and 21st century

6. Europe during the Cold War (1947-1989) • Divided and ‘aligned’ • Transatlantic bargain: US finances economic recovery and guarantees Europe’s defense while European countries use economic aid efficiently by cooperating and integrating and assume increasing responsibilities for their own defense. • Although the Europeans never managed to fulfill the second part of the bargain, at least to American satisfaction, the Atlantic relationship endured because of the Soviet threat and Europe’s centrality

7. The collapse of the Soviet Union • From below: 1974 Helsinki conference • Regime loss of legitimacy due to poor economic performance • From outside: Reagan and the new Cold War • Defense spending outpaces economic growth • From above: Gorbachev (1985) • Perestroika and glasnost • Constitutional reform – power from the Communist party to ‘national’ governments - collapse of the system

8. Eastern Europe • Economic reforms and political reforms • Nationalist coalitions which eventually splinter • Peaceful and less peaceful transitions • The reunification of Germany

9. The disintegration of Yugoslavia • Differences • Decentralization • Nationalist revival • 1991: Slovenia and Croatia • 1992-95: The quagmire of Bosnia-Herzegovina • 1998-99: Kosovo, the war against Yugoslavia (Serbia-Montenegro) and independence • 2000-2001 Macedonia

11. Europe in the world after the end of the Cold War • Transatlantic relationship under stress: Europe is no longer central in the new post-Cold War security environment since Perceived threats have changed for both Europe and the US • Attempts of the EU to act in the foreign and security field • 1969 EPC which then slowly enters the EC policy process • TEU: EPC becomes CFSP • 1997 Introduction of the so-called Petersberg tasks • 1998 St. Malo agreement which led to the Setting of the ESDP and the RRF

12. The future • An economic giant and a political pigmy (limited capabilities and no decision-making coherence), but… • No clear external identity, no common vision • Preoccupation with process more than with substance of issues