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1. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES Previous Next End

2. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) vine is grown in West and South India especially in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, to a great extent. The varieties grown are Anab-e- Shahi and Thomson Seedless. The grapes are grown on different training systems depending upon the varieties and the purpose for which they are grown. These different systems allow the growth of various types of weeds. In Bower system, soon after pruning of grapes, there is lot of sunshine underneath which allows the growth of cyperus rotundus and Oxalis corniculata Previous Next End

3. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES After sometime, the vegetative growth of grape increases and shades the underneath space with result Polygon plebejum, Euphorbia geniculata, Amaranthus viridis, Portulaca oleracea, Oxalis sp. and Mullugo pentaphylla among dicots and Digitaria marginata, Eleusine indica, and Setaria glauca among monocots. In Trellis system of training, plenty of sunshine is available for weeds to grow around and Cynodon dactylon is the major weed. Previous Next End

4. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES Cynodon dactylon Pers. In black soils and in dryland is a noxious weed and once a field is infested with it, cultivation becomes impossible. It is considered as one of the ten worst weeds in the world and problematic in all tropical and subtropical areas in dry land and garden lands. It belongs to the family Graminae (Poaceae) and common name is Bahama Grass, Hariyali. In tamil it is called as Arugampullu Cont.... Previous Next End

5. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES A perennial grass extensively creeping by means of scaly rhizomes or by strong flat stolons, very common in plains and hills slender and grows upto 7.5 to 30 cm height. The underground stems are hard, brittle, thick, pale white in colour and covered with short scale-leaves and occur at varying depth in soil. Leaves are linear, finely acute, 7.5 to 12.5 cm long, spikes 3 to 6. Propagated by through seeds and underground stolons. Previous Next End

6. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES Cyperus rotundus L Family is Cyperaceae and common name is Nut Grass, Nutsedge. In tamil it is called as Korai kizhangu. Stoloniferous, stolons not bulbiferous, stems trigonous, up to 1 m high, and tubers not zoned. Stem sparsely tufted. Leaves shorter or longer than stem, narrow, numerous, bracts usually 3 and up to 60 cm long. Cont.... Previous Next End

7. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES Cyperus rotundus L Floral biology: Spikelets spreading, linear to lanceolate, up to 2.5 cm long; glumes imbricate, plicate, pale-brown or chestnut-brown, sometimes with a reddish tinge; nut trigonous, broadly obovoid, grayish-black. End Previous Next

8. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES • Amaranthus viridis Linn. It is a broad leaved weed and it belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. In tamil it is called as Kuppai keerai. The plant is perennial with long prostrate or ascending branches and a woody main stem growing to a height of 30-60cm. Stem is striate, round and softly woolly tomatoes. Cont.... Previous Next End

9. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES • Amaranthus viridis Linn. Leaves are simple, alternate, shortly stalked, sub-orbicular or ob-ovate with an obtuse tip. The base is tapering. The upper surface of the leaf is pubescent, while the lower one is densely hairy. The leaves on the side branches are much reduced. Flowers are very small, sessile, greenish white, in dense axillary short spikes, which are solitary or clusterd. Perianth consists of 5 free oblong sepals, wooly on the back. Seed is lenticular, smooth and shining black. Propagation is mainly by seeds. Previous Next End

10. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES Portulaca oleracea L. It is a succulent broad leaved weed and it belongs to the family Portulacaceae. Common name is Indian Purslane. In tamil it is called as Paruppu Keerai. The main stem is short and erect bearing a number of lateral branches which lie prostrate on the ground, they grow to a length of 4-20 inches and are green or reddish in color. Cont.... Previous Next End

11. Portulaca oleracea L WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES The leaf-stalk is short. Flowers are without stalks, from 2-6 in number and are collected together in clusters at the ends of branches. Sepals are 2 and fleshy; they are united at the base and are free above. Petals are 5 and are yellow in colour. Fruit is dry, dehiscing transversely by the upper part enclosed by the sepals, coming off as a lid leaving the lower part in the plant. Seeds are minute, blackish brown in colour and are covered with concentric lines of tubercles. Propagation is by seed. Previous Next End

12. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES Euphorbia geniculata Ort. An exotic weed introduced recently and now common in dryland, garden land and on bunds in wet lands. It is a broad leaved weed and it belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a annual herb with latex in all parts. Stem is round in shape. Leaves simple, ovate,alternate, opposite above. Previous Next End

13. Euphorbia geniculata Ort. WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES Previous Involucre small, in dense corymbose cymes and monoecious. Flowers combined to form a cyathium; bracteoles many, setaceous; male Flowers several surrounding a solitary female flower. Seeds are dark grey, truncate at the lower end.