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A GENERIC COMPONENT BASED EXPERT SYSTEM SHELL FOR AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT DESIGN

A GENERIC COMPONENT BASED EXPERT SYSTEM SHELL FOR AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT DESIGN. B.Ramesh Kumar 1 , J.Shanmugam 1 , S.Janarthanan 2 & R.Santhiseela 2 1 Madras Institute of Technology, India 2 Defence R&D Organisation, India. Objective Expert System for G A S.

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A GENERIC COMPONENT BASED EXPERT SYSTEM SHELL FOR AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT DESIGN

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  1. A GENERIC COMPONENT BASED EXPERT SYSTEM SHELL FOR AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT DESIGN B.Ramesh Kumar1, J.Shanmugam1, S.Janarthanan2 & R.Santhiseela2 1 Madras Institute of Technology, India 2Defence R&D Organisation, India 119/ MAPLD 2004

  2. ObjectiveExpert System for GAS • Expert System to provide Guidelines • Architecture Selection • Environmental Testing • EMI/EMC • Reliability Engineering • Testability • Power • Expert System for Auditing - To ProvideTesting Procedurefor the equipment & component and help the designer with the evaluation process • Expert System for Searching 119/ MAPLD 2004

  3. Why such a System is needed? Problem 1:Interlinking of various domains • The design of airborne equipment requires expertise knowledgein various interdependent domains • Thus the simultaneous processing of all domains make the design complex • If the airborne equipment is going to be critical in its function, then the design becomes more complex • All these burdens the designer Problem 2 : Voluminous of Parameters • In the design of airborne equipment lots of parameters have to be considered in detail • Due to voluminous of data and parameter, the designer can leave some parameters unnoticed or may skip one or more design steps 119/ MAPLD 2004

  4. KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING ACQUISITION QUERIES + EXPLANATION KNOWLEDGEBASE HUMAN EXPERT INFERENCE ENGINE USER Expert System • The British Computer Society’s specialist group on Expert System produced the following formal definition: “An Expert System is regarded as the embodiment within a computer of a knowledge-based component, from an expert skill, in such a form that the system can offer intelligent advice or decisionabout a processing function” 119/ MAPLD 2004

  5. How KNOWLEDGE BASE for Airborne Equipment Design is Framed? GeneralisedExample Block_Name Value_1 Value_2 … … … Value_n End Architecture_Candidate Processor Buses Topology End Processor Type_Of_Processor Speed Throughput Weight End 119/ MAPLD 2004

  6. How INFERENCE ENGINE in Airborne Equipment Design Expert System Works? Architecture_Candidate Processor Buses Topology End Using Forward Chaining Method Processor Type_Of_Processor Speed Throughput Weight End Buses Bus_Width Bus_Speed Transmission End 119/ MAPLD 2004

  7. Generic Components Based Expert System Shell Knowledge Base 1 Knowledge Base 2 Generic Inference Engine User Interface Knowledge Base 3 . . . Knowledge Base n 119/ MAPLD 2004

  8. Architecture Selection Process • Frame Standard Metrics • Determine Physical Constraints • Select Architecture Candidates appropriately • Architecture Candidates • Computation Element • Communication Element • Configuration 119/ MAPLD 2004

  9. User Interface ArchitectureGuidelines 119/ MAPLD 2004

  10. User InterfaceReliability Engg. 119/ MAPLD 2004

  11. User InterfaceEnvironmental Testing 119/ MAPLD 2004

  12. User InterfaceTestability DesignGuidelines 119/ MAPLD 2004

  13. Testability • Design Guidelines • Evaluation of Equipment • Equipment = Digital Circuits + Analog Circuits + PSU + RF • Evaluation of Digital Circuits 119/ MAPLD 2004

  14. User InterfaceTestability Evaluation of Airborne Equipment 119/ MAPLD 2004

  15. Testability Evaluation of EquipmentSome areas in Design & some sample Questions 119/ MAPLD 2004

  16. Testability Evaluation of EquipmentStatistical Analysis • Some Experts’ expertise in particular field like Analog, Digital, PSU etc., • So more Weightage is given to the score, given by the Expert of that particular field Analog Expert BIT Analog Design More Weightage PSU Digital Design 119/ MAPLD 2004

  17. Testability Evaluation of Digital Circuits • Testability, TY = f (Controllability,Observability) • Testability Measures - studied • SCOAP (Sandia Controllability Observability Analysis Program) • TMEAS (Testability MEASurement program) • CAMLOT (Computer-Aided Measure for LOgic Testability) • CAMLOT was chosen 119/ MAPLD 2004

  18. Testability Evaluation of Digital CircuitsATPG - Modified FAN (FANout algorithm) • Propagate the fault to Primary Output (PO) • Backtrace from PO to all Primary Inputs (PIs) • Proceed with forward tracing from PIs to all Pos • ATPG Algorithms analysed • D-Algorithm • PODEM • FAN • FAN Algorithm is chosen, and modified to suit our need 119/ MAPLD 2004

  19. Testability Evaluation of Digital CircuitsWorking of Modified FAN Algorithm A B C A B C Y Y X A B C A B C Y Y 1. Fixing fault 2. Making Line to be fault 3. Propagate the fault to (PO 4. Backtrace PO value to PI 5. Find all Line values (Test patterns) A B C Y 119/ MAPLD 2004

  20. User InterfaceTestability Evaluation 119/ MAPLD 2004

  21. Electromagnetic Interference/ Compatibility(Applicable to Airborne Equipments Excluding RF) 119/ MAPLD 2004

  22. User InterfaceElectromagnetic Interference/ Compatibility 119/ MAPLD 2004

  23. User InterfaceEMI/ EMC Evaluation 2 1 3 119/ MAPLD 2004

  24. User InterfaceElectric PowerGuidelines 119/ MAPLD 2004

  25. User InterfaceExpert System Based Guidelines Search • Enter the Question • On search, identifies the keywords and searches for them • It displays the matches found • It asks the user to select the preferred match • It displays the guidelines for the selected match 119/ MAPLD 2004

  26. Organisation of Knowledge Base for Expert Search Example B1 B0.1 end B1.1 B1 end B1.3 B1 end B1.3.1 B1.3 end • Rule Structure • Blockname • Predecessor • end How Inference Engine Works Here? Searching for B1.3.1(end branch of a tree) leads to the identification of B1.3 which in turn identifies B1. Similarly the iteration continues till it finds the root (B0.1) 119/ MAPLD 2004

  27. Who can use this System? • Fresh Designer (as Study Material and as thumb rules for design) • Designer (during Design process) • Designer (after Design is complete for Evaluation) 119/ MAPLD 2004

  28. References [1] Dutta.S, 1997, Strategies For Implementing Knowledge Based Systems, 20132, IEEE Trans. Engineering Management, pp. 79-90. [2] Santhiseela.R and Janarthanan.S, 2003, An Expert System For Automatic Fault Diagnosis Of A Quadruplex Digital Computer, International Conf on Advances in Aerospace Science, pp. 294-301. [3] Spitzer.R.Cary, 1993, Digital Avionics Systems: Principles And Practices, Ed 2, MGH Inc. [4] James.P.Ignizio, 1991, Introduction To Expert Systems – The Development And Implementation Of Rule Based Expert System, NY, MGH Inc. [5] Spitzer.R.Cary, 2001, The Avionics Handbook, NY, CRC Press. [6] Donald.A.Waterman, 1985, A Guide To Expert Systems, MA, Addison-Wesley Pubs Co. [7] James.N.Siddall, 1990, Expert System For Engineers, NY, Marcel Dekker Inc. [8] Dickman.T.J and Roberts.T.M, 1988, Modular Avionics System Architecture Decision Support System, IEEE 88CH2596-5, Proc. IEEE 1988 NAECON, pp.1549-1552. [9] MIL-HDBK-338B, 1998, Electronic Reliability Design Handbook, USA, DOD. 119/ MAPLD 2004

  29. References [10] MIL-STD-810F, 2000, Test Method For Environmental Engineering Considerations And Laboratory Tests, USA, DOD. [11] MIL-STD-461D, 1993, Requirements For The Control Of Electromagnetic Interference Emission And Susceptibility, USA, DOD. [12] MIL-HDBK-1857, 1998, Grounding Bonding and Shielding Design Practices, USA, DOD. [13] MIL-STD-2165, 1985, Testability Program For Electronic Systems And Equipment, USA, DOD. [14] Kovijanic.P.G, 1979, Testability Analysis, IEEE Test Conference, Digest Of Papers, pp.310-316. [15] MIL-STD-704E, 1991, Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics, USA, DOD. [16] Bennetts.R.G, Maunder.C.M and Robinson.G.D, 1981, CAMLOT: A Computer Aided Measure Of Logic Testability, Vol. 2, Proc. IEEE International Conference On Circuit and Computers. [17] Fujiwara.H and Shimono.T, 1983, On The Acceleration Of Test Generation Algorithms, Vol. C-32, IEEE Trans. Computers, pp. 1137-1144. 119/ MAPLD 2004

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