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Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)

Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease). Amanda Lee BIOL 402. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae . Scollard, DM et al. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.” Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81. . Discovered by Gerhard Armauer Hansen in 1873.

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Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)

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  1. Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease) Amanda Lee BIOL 402

  2. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae Scollard, DM et al. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.” Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81.

  3. Discovered by Gerhard Armauer Hansen in 1873 Global Project on the History of Leprosy http://www.leprosyhistory.org/graphics/gallery/hansen.jpg

  4. Bacteria Resides in Cooler Parts of the Body Peripheral Nerves Skin http://www.nlm.nih.gov

  5. Symptoms & Diagnosis: (1) Skin Lesions Worobec, Sophie M. 2009. “Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's disease in the early 21st century.” Dermatologic therapy 22, no. 6: 518-37.

  6. Symptoms & Diagnosis: (2) Skin Smear Tests Ziehl Neelsen Carbol Fuchsin Stain (ZNCF) Global Project on the History of Leprosy http://www.leprosyhistory.org/graphics/gallery/mleprae.jpg

  7. Transmission • Nasal/oral Droplets • Dermal Inoculations

  8. Immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible to disease

  9. Mechanism of Nerve Damage • Entry Through Blood Vessels 2. Inflammatory Response 3. Demyelination Scollard, DM et al. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.” Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81.

  10. Outcomes of Nerve Damage • Sensory Loss • Paralysis • Deformities Leprosy: eMedicine Infectious Diseases http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220455-overview

  11. Sensory Loss Can Lead to Secondary Infections and Severe Deformities International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations (ILEP) http://www.ilep.org.uk/en/

  12. 1941: Discovery of Dapsone • Targets dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) • Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

  13. 1964: Dapsone Resistance from Missense Mutations in DHPS Matsuoka, Masanori M. 2010. “Drug Resistance in Leprosy.” Japanese journal of infectious diseases 63, no. 1: 1-7.

  14. 1960’s: Rifampicin and Clofazimine Discovered • Rifampicin (Rifampin): Inhibit RNA synthesis • Clofazimine: Anti-inflammatory

  15. 1981: WHO Proposes Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) • Combination of DAPSONE, RIFAMPICIN, and CLOFAZIMINE + +

  16. The Nippon Foundation http://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/eng/

  17. 1995: WHO Distributes MDT Drugs for Free to Worldwide Patients

  18. 1999: Global Alliance to Eliminate Leprosy As a Public Health Problem

  19. Obstacles to Eliminating Leprosy in Endemic Countries STIGMA World Health Organization. 2001. “Leprosy: Learning from Success.” WHO Publications on Leprosy.

  20. Overcoming Stigma • Mass Media • Integrated Primary Health Services • Education & Training

  21. Worobec, Sophie M. 2009. “Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's disease in the early 21st century.” Dermatologic therapy 22, no. 6: 518-37.

  22. References • Leprosy Today. “Leprosy: The Disease.” World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/lep/leprosy/en/index.html (accessed February 25 2010). • Matsuoka, Masanori M. 2010. “Drug Resistance in Leprosy.” Japanese journal of infectious diseases 63, no. 1: 1-7. http://www.nih.go.jp.libproxy.lib.unc.edu (accessed February 25, 2010). • National Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy) Program. “Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy) Facts.” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.hrsa.gov/hansens/ Accessed February 25 2010. • Scollard, DM, LB Adams, TP Gillis, JL Krahenbuhl , RW Truman, and DL Williams. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.” Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.libproxy.lib.unc.edu (accessed February 25, 2010). • Worobec, Sophie M. 2009. “Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's disease in the early 21st century.” Dermatologic therapy 22, no. 6: 518-37.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu(accessed February 25, 2010.

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