Methods of Cooking

Technologies of Food Production and Processing: Invention in the domestic arenaBy: Miriyah VelezYu Jun WangShuai LiuVeronica NavaretteTatiana Guerrero

Methods of Cooking By: Miriyah Velez

Methods of Boiling: • Food is placed in cold liquid and then brought to boil and cooked • Food is placed in boiling liquid and cooked Examples: chicken, hard boiled eggs, potatoes before preparing mashed potatoes, pasta BOILING:is the cooking of foods in a liquid either at or brought to boiling point Miriyah Velez

Desserts/Pastries: • Cake • Pie • Cookies • Brownies • Cupcakes Other: • Meatloaf • Breads • Fish • Poultry Baking:To cook in an oven or oven-type appliance. Miriyah Velez

Advantages: • Good quality meat and poultry is tender and succulent when roasted • Meat juices from the joint are used for gravy and enhance flavor EXAMPLES: • Meat: lamb, beef (sirloin), pork (leg/shoulder), veal • Poultry: chicken, turkey, duck, pheasan • ROASTED MARSHMALLOWS!!!!! Roasting:is cooking in dry heat in an oven or spit with the aid of fat or oil. Miriyah Velez

A grill is a framework of metal bars used as a partition or a grate Examples of foods: • Fish • Meat • Vegetables • Toasted items Grilling: sometimes known as broiling/barbecue-ing Miriyah Velez

Methods of Frying: • Deep Frying: frying food in pre-heated deep oil or fat (e.g. chips, doughnuts, French fries) • Stir Frying: fast frying in a frying pan in a little fat or oil (e.g. vegetables, omelets, pancakes, fish chicken strips) FRYING:to cook in a pan or on a griddle over direct heat, usually in fat or oil. Miriyah Velez

Examples of Steamed Foods: • Vegetables • Rice • Lobster • Crab • Shellfish • babyfood Steaming:is the cooking of prepared foods by steam (moist heat) under varying degrees of pressure. Miriyah Velez

All stews have a thickened consistency. • Stewed foods may be cooked in a covered pan on the stove. • Stewed foods may be cooked in a covered pan in the oven. • The meat juices are retained as part of the stew Stewing:A long, slow method of cooking where food is cut into pieces and cooked in the minimum amount of liquid, water, stock or sauce. The food and the cooking liquid are served together. Miriyah Velez

Microwaving: is cooking or reheating food using electromagnetic waves in a microwave powered by electricity. Microwaves activate the water molecules or particles of food, causing heat by friction which cooks or reheats the food. Miriyah Velez

Food Timeline By:Yu Jun Wang Shuai Liu Yu Jun Wang

In the year 1700, Montelimar famously referred to as nougat was a cake with nuts that was introduced by the Greeks via Marseilles • It and was a great success in several provinces • Nougat was a rare present reserved for hosts and in the late 20th century • This delicacy became an ambassadress of the French taste in France. Montelimar Yu Jun Wang

Casserole • Casserole was introduced in 1708 and it has two major meaning in the food history Stilton Cheese • This cheese was named stilton as it was first sold in Stilton town in the late 17th century The grapefruit • The grapefruit was discovered in the year 1750 and was referred to as the ‘forbidden fruit’ by the founder Griffith Hughes Yu Jun Wang

Newtown Pippin • Newtown Pippin also known as the prince of apples appeared first in 1755 and 1763 in the nurseries of William Smith and Thomas Sorsby respectively • The pippin was one of the greatest fruit from America that ever sold in the London market and by 1807 Oysters • This food was introduced in the year 1763 in New York. In the 1800’s American people were crazy over the oysters and every town was dominated by oyster parlors, oyster saloons, oyster houses, oyster bars, oyster cellars and lunchrooms Yu Jun Wang

Cake • Cake, a common snack in the modern society was developed as early as the 13th century • Cakes have a great economic role and many businesses that were associated with cakes faired really well as it is today Macadamia nuts • originated in Australia and were discovered by 1828 by Allan Cunningham • In many countries, the practice is in small scale and is largely done by women who sell in small quantities for and earn some income for their families Mint • It was first introduced in 1835 in Michigan by Calvin Sawyer Yu Jun Wang & Shuai Liu

NECCO wafers • Necco wafers was introduced in the mid 19th century • It was introduced by a young English immigrant in 1847 through his discovery of the American candy machine • Wafers were used in the arctic for their nutritional value • During World War II the US government requisitioned a major portion of NECCO production for its troops overseas Potato chips • The US discovered potato chips are a fast food that gained its popularity in the mid 19th century • The chips were widely sold in barrels during the 20th century Shuai Liu

New York pizza • Was introduced by Gennaro Lombardi in 1905 when he opened his pizzeria in New York Marshmallow Sandwich • Is a cookie that was made of a soft marshmallow sandwiched between two vanilla wafers • This was in the US market in the year 1940s-1970s and was packed in blue twin cellophane wrapping Shuai Liu

Broasted chicken • Broasted chicken is a fast food that was prepared through combination of pressure cooking and deep frying cooking concepts • The Broaster Company established in 1954 dealt with making and selling of Broaster foods Snack pack • The snack pack of 1968 is a shelf stable pudding with a great taste that can be enjoyed by the entire family • The snack pack was packed in single serve aluminum cups but in 1984, it was sold in plastic cups, hence being the first product of this kind to do so. • Later in 1990 it was packed in clear plastic cups. Shuai Liu

The artisan bread • Also known as Artisanal bread was an American taste of the 1990’s • The late 19th century was dominated by artisanal bread that was hand mixed and shaped and then baked by a professional baker or a home cook Omega Eggs • Omega Eggs is a new innovation and involves the formation of eggs rich in Omega 3 fatty acids • The eggs are produced by hens that are fed on patented diet of flax seed rich in Omega 3 fatty acid • This was done in University of Nebraska management system by Sheila Scheideler a scientist hence the University holds this trade mark of Omega 3 Eggs Shuai Liu

Fried coke • Fried coke is among the latest food discovery in the 21st century • This innovation was done by a woman by the name Gonzales and she has been selling thousand of her new product across the market. Shuai Liu

Women Food Inventors By:Tatiana Guerrero Tatiana Guerrero

Rebecca Webb Carranza Rebecca Webb Carranza is recognized as the inventor of tortilla chips. To avoid throwing away tortilla chips, she one day decided to cut up a tortilla into small triangles and add salt and vinegar, and called them “tort chips”. Thus spawned the creation of tortilla chips, which is now the sole product in many different variations for millions of companies around the world. Tatiana Guerrero

Discovered refrigerator methods • Her methods became used in the food industry and railroad cars • Designed both industrial and household refrigerators Mary Engle Pennington Tatiana Guerrero

In 1962, Scudder came up with the idea of bagging potato chips • Bagging chips not only made potato chips a convenience food, but helped them retain their crispness and freshness. • She later created an empire of chip bagging in Monterey Park, CA. Laura Scudder Tatiana Guerrero

After starting a pizza business, Rose came upon the idea of making pizzas that were frozen for customers to bake at home. Rose Totino Tatiana Guerrero

Created the famous appetizer, nachos, tortilla chips, cheese and chile. Carmen Rocha Tatiana Guerrero

Turner's Fruit-Press was a complex piece of engineering that in many ways foreshadowed the machines used in the food industry today. • Fruit were moved along by plungers moving at different speeds. The fruit was pushed through stationary knives that cut them in half, then again passed through the presser. The pulp was allowed to drop through an opening and the juice discharged through another. Madeline Turner Tatiana Guerrero

Her decision to chop up chocolate and put them into her cookies saw the birth of the Toll House or chocolate chip cookie. • In 1939, Nestle marketed the small chips of chocolate that could be used in making chocolate chip cookies. • Ruth Wakefield's toll house or chocolate chip cookies would pave the way for cookie and food empires. Ruth Wakefield Tatiana Guerrero

The Impact of Television and Food Preparation By:Veronica Navarette Veronica Navarette

From Julia Child to Rachel Ray How cooking has changed • Julia Child’s cooking show aired in 1963. • She took the art of cooking seriously in her television series and books. • Believed cooking gave a physical and mental sense of accomplishment. Veronica Navarette

The “Feminine Mystique” taught women that household chores was a form of oppression. • After World War II the food industry persuaded American women to buy processed foods. • Today married women spend 58 minutes a day on food preparation compared to 36 minutes for non married women. Feminism equals bad food? Veronica Navarette

From Julia Child to Rachel Ray How has changed cont. • Rachel Ray is a modern day food entertainment star. • Her show consists of charity, fashion, beauty and food. • She creates family ready meals quick and easy. Veronica Navarette

The average American spends 27 minutes a day on food preparation. • There is a 40% decline in food preparation since 1965. • In 1978 microwaves were in 8% of American households today they are in 90% of households. A World of Instant Gratification Veronica Navarette

Health vs. Wealth • Americans spend more time working than any other industrialized nation. • As “time cost” of food preparation has fallen calorie consumption has increased. Veronica Navarette

Can we change are eating habits? • In “Catching Fire” Richard Wrangham says cooking distinguished our ancestors from other primates. • Grilling is the one home cooking on the rise, dominated by males. • Can people live in a city with no drive thrus? Veronica Navarette

Thank You!

Methods of Cooking