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The Nature of Living Things: How They Are Organized

The Nature of Living Things: How They Are Organized. Chapter 2. Taxonomy of Living Things. Next. Monera. Table. Protists. Table. Fungi. Table. Plants. Table. Animals. Table. Levels of Organization. Eukaryotic Cells. Prokaryotic Cells. Eukaryotic Cells Structures.

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The Nature of Living Things: How They Are Organized

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  1. The Nature of Living Things:How They Are Organized Chapter 2

  2. Taxonomy of Living Things Next

  3. Monera Table

  4. Protists Table

  5. Fungi Table

  6. Plants Table

  7. Animals Table

  8. Levels of Organization

  9. Eukaryotic Cells

  10. Prokaryotic Cells

  11. Eukaryotic Cells Structures

  12. Eukaryotic Nucleus

  13. Cellular Molecules

  14. Small Organic Molecules Glucose Nucleotides

  15. Macromolecules Smaller Organic Molecule or Monomers Macromolecule or Polymer

  16. Macromolecules Amino Acids (Monomers) Proteins (Polymer)

  17. Macromolecules Nucleotides (Monomers) Nucleic Acid (Polymer)

  18. Proteins • Long polymers made up of many monomers (amino acids) • 20 different amino acids can combine in different number and sequence to produce huge variety of proteins • Peptide bonds form between amino acids to form long chains, polypeptide chains

  19. For example:

  20. Function of Proteins • Structural – help make up cells and cell membranes • Catalysts (enzymes) or substrates (reactants) • Help regulate production of other proteins • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/

  21. Enzymes • Group of proteins that catalyze chemical reactions

  22. DNA Structure

  23. DNA Structure • Nucleotides join together to form long strands • DNA consists of two strands • Strands twist around each other to form a double helix • Nucleotides are held together by a phosphodiester bond • Connects the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate of another • Nucleotide sequence can vary Phosphodiester bonds

  24. Polarity of DNA • Each carbon in the deoxyribose is numbered 1’-5’ • Each strand of nucleotides has a 5’ end and 3’ end • The 3’ end used to bond to another nucleotide • The 5’ end is attached to the phosphate group of the nucleotide • A strand of DNA runs from the 5’ 3’

  25. DNA Structure • DNA consists of two strands joined together by hydrogen bonds between the base pair • Base pairs are complementary on opposite strands • Adenine only base pairs with thymine • Guanine only base pairs with cytosine • Two strands are considered antiparallel because the polarity of each strand opposite • Necessary for nitrogen bases to align and form hydrogen bonds

  26. DNA Animations • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/dna.html# • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/ • http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAanatomy.html • http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/DNA_structure.html

  27. Images taken from: • http://s569.photobucket.com/albums/ss139/kateharsh/Monera/?action=view&current=bacecoli.png&newest=1 • http://www.williamsclass.com/SixthScienceWork/Classification/ClassificationNotes/ClassificationNotes.htm • http://www.scientificentertainment.com/Brain-Eating_Amoeba.html • http://scienceblogs.com/neurotopia/2009/12/friday_weird_science_the_milli.php • http://waynesword.palomar.edu/slime1.htm • http://inhabitat.com/2009/01/19/moss-carpet-by-nguyen-la-chanh/ • http://plantimporters.com/plantphotos5.htm • http://www.frogsonice.com/photos/aa-oct-08/ • http://www.mghs.sa.edu.au/Internet/Faculties/Science/Year8/livingWorld.htm • http://www2.volstate.edu/UGarimella/BIOL1010/BIOL1010lab.htm • http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/A12c.html • https://www.lakelawnandpond.com/WeedItemGroups.aspx?weed=46 • http://www.biologyjunction.com/fungi_notes_b1.htm • http://soe.ucdavis.edu/ms0809/180Sec1/WongJ/Web/Default.html • http://www.insectcollectorshop.com/ • http://sdakotabirds.com/species/baltimore_oriole_info.htm • http://accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/aminoAcid.php • http://accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/aminoAcids2.php • http://www.tutorvista.com/topic/what-makes-an-amino-acid • http://www.npc.edu.hk/~chem/news/3_03/Hair%20Waves.htm • http://www.bioss.ac.uk/~dirk/genomeOdyssey/go_1955_to_66.html

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