Chapter 1 Problem and its setting

1. Utilizing Peanut(arachishypogaea)extract as a potential source of Resveratrol in activating SIRT1 gene

2. Chapter 1Problem and its setting INTRODUCTION • In the current condition of our state today, cancer is one of the world’s most feared and fearful diseases of all diseases that affect humanity. Cancer is fast becoming an epidemic in the new world and science is still unable to explain its complexity and get a suitable cure. The disease is one of the ills that as happened to humanity. • SIRT 1 is a gene found in humans and other mammals that helps to promote survival by protecting cells during times when food is scarce. It acts as a “rescue gene” repairing the damage done by free radicals and preventing cells from dying prematurely. The gene also causes mitochondria, the power plants of cells, to produce energy at higher levels that are typically associated with younger cells. As a result, SIRT 1 gene is believed to be a principal regulator of lifespan. • SIRT 1 gene will not be useful without the presence of resveratrol. Resveratrol is the plant nutrient that is getting a great ideal for media attention. SIRT 1 is activated by calorie restriction or by the compound in red wine known as resveratol. It makes healthy cells less sensitive to radiation and it can be used to modulate the growth of cancer cells. Resveratrol has the effect of preventing damage of cells before they develop into a state that triggers cancer. In short, resveratrol helps to kill cancer cells. • In the field of study on utilizing Peanut (Arachishypogaea) extract into processing a resveratrol was carefully studied to maneuver it to be possible.

3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM • This study ill determine the effectiveness of Peanut (arachishypogaea) extract as a potential source of Resveratrol in activating SIRT 1 a gene to fight cancer. Specifically it aims to answer the following questions: • Do the peanut(Arachishypogaea) extract has the capacity of being o potential source of resveartrol? • What is the resveratrol percentage recovery from peanut (Arachishypogaea) extract?

4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY • This study aims to: • Determine the potentiality of peanut(Arachishypogaea) extract as a source of resveratrol. • Determine the percentage recovery of the peanut(Arachishypogaea) extract.

5. HYPOTHESES • Peanut(Arachishypogaea) extract is not a potential source of resveratrol. • Peanut(Arachishypogaea) extract is insufficient to reach the satisfactory percentage recovery to be a potential source of resveratrol.

6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY • Generally, this study is an important endeavor that will determine that peanut(arachishypogaea) extract is now the new potential source of resveratrol. • There may be lots of research studies known today to produce resveratrol, however, because of its reported lack of supplies; majority of this products are not available in the market today. • The product of this study may furnish a far cost-effective resveratrol product against the inadequate amount of the generation’s sources. • Since the availability of peanut extract in the world is high, this research proposal will make way for a cheaper price of resveratrol today.

7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Peanut (Arachi hypogaea) extract Extraction of resveratrol from Peanut (Arachi hypogaea) Activating SIRT 1 gene through resveratrol Potential source in killing cancer cells

8. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION • The study entitled “Utilizing Peanut (arachishypogaea) extract as a potential source of resveratrol on activating SIRT 1 gene “ focuses on the peanut (arachishypogaea) extract on helping produce new source of resveratrol. The study is only limited in peanut (arachishypogaea).

9. RELATED LITERATURE Peanut- is a species in the legume. The cultivated peanut was probably first domestricated in the valleys of Peru. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm tall. The leaves are popposite, pinnate with four leaflets, each leaflet 1 to 7 cm long and 1 to 3 cm broad. The flowers are a typical peaflower. In shape, 2 to 4 cm across, yellow with reddish veining. After pollination, the fruit develops into a legume 3 to 7 cm long, containing 1 to 4 seeds, which forces its way underground a mature. Hypogaea means “under the earth”. Peanut has only occasionally been grown in Northern States due to its warm temperature requirement. Use of poorly adapted varieties and improper production practices usually resulted in low yields and poor quality nuts. However, peanut could be an alternative cash crop to soybean, corn, potato or fieldbean.

10. Resveratrol- essentially, the resveratrol compound is classified in a pamily that’s known as polyphenols. In small amounts, resveratrol can be found naturally in grapes, some green teas and even peanuts. It is also the main ingredient that gives red wine natural anti-aging propertie.

11. SIRT 1 gene- or “skinny gene” assists with weight loss by inhibiting food storage and increasing fat metabolism. By causing the body to store fewer fat cells, SIRT 1 can also slow the aging process by reducing t5he risk of age- related diseases and health threats, including heart attack and stroke, diabetes, arthritis and osteoporosis. These conditions have all been linked to an excess amount of fat cells in the sky.

12. Cancer- is the general name for a more than 100 diseases in which cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control. Although there are many kinds of cancer, they can start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and even death.

13. CHAPTER IIMETHODOLOGY MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT For the extraction of resveratrol from the peanut (Arachishypogaea)extract the following materials that will be used: Rotavap for extracting the peanut, ethanol for separating resveratrol from the peanut (arachishypogaea) extract, large metal containers (extractors)where the plant source will be placed, peanut, laboratory test equipment for plants, column of silica, vacuum dryer to remove alcohol.

14. RESEARCH DESIGN • The experimentation will be done in five phases as follows: 1.) Collecting of peanut (arachishypogaea) samples. 2.) Extracting of peanut (arachishypogaea) 3.) Separating resveratrol extract from the peanut extract. 4.) Activating SIRT1 gene through resveratrol. 5.) Potantial source in killing cancer cells.

15. PROCEDURES • Collection of Peanut (arachishypogaea) Samples • The peanut (arachishypogaea) samples will be collected and will be put in a container. • 2.3.2 Separating/Getting Resveratrol Extract • In order to get resveratrol extract, peanut (arachishypogaea) is tested to ensure that it is not contaminated by chemicals and other materials. Once it has been cleared, the plant source is placed in large metal containers called extractors. Alcohol such as ethanol and methanol are used to separate the resveratrol extract from the peanut extract. The liquid that is produced is then processed even further through various procedures such as exposure to high pressure. Once it has been purified, the resveratrol extract is then vacuum-dried to remove the alcohol.

16. APPLICATION • The extracted resveratrol will be applied to the cancer cells. • ANALYZING THE RESULTS • The cancer cells behavior will be analyzed upon how they interact with the resveratrol.

17. FLOW CHART Collection of Peanut Sample Analysis of the Results Extraction of Peanut Results Separating Resveratrol Extract Treatment to Cancer cells Activating SIRT1 gene Laboratory test

18. Prepared by: JOUE L. VALLENTE

19. Thank you!