1 / 32

Aujeszky’s Disease

Aujeszky’s Disease. Pseudorabies, Mad Itch. Overview. Organism Economic Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control Actions to Take. The Organism. Aujeszky’s Disease. Alphaherpesvirus Genus: Varicellovirus Highly contagious

elysia
Download Presentation

Aujeszky’s Disease

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Aujeszky’s Disease Pseudorabies, Mad Itch

  2. Overview • Organism • Economic Impact • Epidemiology • Transmission • Clinical Signs • Diagnosis and Treatment • Prevention and Control • Actions to Take Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  3. The Organism

  4. Aujeszky’s Disease • Alphaherpesvirus • Genus: Varicellovirus • Highly contagious • Natural hosts • Domestic and feral swine • Attenuated strain in feral swine • Somewhat persistent in environment • Several days in environment • Aerosol (under favorable conditions) Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  5. Importance

  6. History • 1902 • Aládar Aujeszky, Hungary • First identified in cattle and dogs • Determined swine werenatural hosts • 1931: “mad itch” same asAujeszky’s disease • 1983 survey • 18.8% U.S. breeding swine Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  7. History in the U.S. • 1989 • National eradication program • USDA APHIS, States and producers • Over 8000 herds identified • 1992 • Over 1000 herds remain • 2004 • U.S. commercial swine herds pseudorabies free Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  8. Economic Impact • Trade restrictions • 1988 study – U.S. epizootic • Newborn pig mortality • 76.5% of total net losses (TNL) • Estimated $24/inventoried sow/week • Nursery pig mortality (12.6% TNL) • Sow culling and deaths (9.4% TNL) • Hogs and Pigs, U.S., 2008 • 3 million head farrowed • 28.1 million pig crop Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  9. Epidemiology

  10. Geographic Distribution Disease Distribution from January to June, 2007 Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  11. Pseudorabies Stages in U.S. As of Feb 2008 Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  12. Morbidity/Mortality • Morbidity • Up to 100% in domestic pig herds • Up to 20% abortions • Feral swine do notdevelop signs of disease • Mortality • Highest for younger animals • Up to 100% - newborn piglets • Up to 50% - nursery pigs • Decreases with age • 5-10% in weaner pigs • 1-2% in grower/finisher pigs • Always fatal in other animal species Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  13. Transmission

  14. Transmission: Pigs • Direct Contact • Nose-to-nose contact • Reproductive • Venereal and transplacental • Ingestion • Aerosol • At least 55% relative humidity • Persists up to 7 hours • Can travel up to 2 km • Fomites • Contaminated bedding and water • Meat products or carcasses Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  15. Transmission: Other species • Contact with infected pigs • Ingestion of infected meat • Rarely lateral transmission Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  16. Animals andAujeszky’s Disease

  17. Clinical Signs: Pigs • Incubation period: 2-6 days • Piglets less than 1 week old • Fever, listlessness, anorexia • Neurological • Tremors, paddling, seizures, • Hind leg paralysis - “dog-like” position • High mortality within 24-36 hours • Slightly older piglets • Similar signs, lower mortality • Vomiting and respiratory signs Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  18. Clinical Signs • Weaned pigs • Respiratory illness • Neurological signs • Recover in 5-10 days • Adult pigs • Mild or inapparent infection • Respiratory ± neurological signs • Pregnant sows: reproductive problems • Feral swine • Asymptomatic Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  19. Clinical Signs: Other Animals • Cattle and sheep • Intense pruritus • Licking, rubbing, gnawing, self-mutilation • Neurological signs • Dogs and Cats • Similar to cattle and sheep • Pharyngeal paralysis and profuse salivation • Resembles rabies • Death in a few days Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  20. Post Mortem Lesions • Serous or fibrinonecrotic rhinitis • Visible if head split and nasal cavity opened • Pulmonary edema, congestion, consolidation • Secondary bacterial pneumonia • Congested and hemorrhagic lymph nodes • Necrosis Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  21. Post Mortem Lesions: Pigs • Neurological • Nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis • Mononuclear perivascular cuffing • Neuronal necrosis • Thickened meninges • Respiratory • Necrotic tonsillitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, alveolitis • Reproductive (fetus) • Focal necrosis of liver, spleen, adrenal glands, lymph nodes Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  22. Post Mortem: Other Species • Edema, congestion, and hemorrhage in the portions of the spinal cord that innervate the areas of pruritus • Cellular infiltration and neuronal degeneration Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  23. Differential Diagnosis • Pigs • Porcine polioencephalomyelitis • Classical or African swine fever • Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis infection • Streptococcal meningoencephalitis • Swine influenza • Erysipelas • Nipah virus infection • Salt or organic poisoning • Species other than pigs • Rabies • Scrapie in sheep Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  24. Diagnosis: Laboratory • Clinical signs suggestive • Virus isolation • Detection of viral DNA or antigens • Immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, virus neutralization assays, PCR • Serology • Virus neutralization, latex agglutination, ELISAs Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  25. Aujeszky’s Diseasein Humans Disease has not been reported in humans

  26. Prevention and Control

  27. Recommended Actions Notification of Authorities Federal: Area Veterinarian in Charge (AVIC) www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/area_offices/ State veterinarian www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/sregs/official.htm Quarantine Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  28. Quarantine and Disinfection • Isolate and test • New breeding animals • Biosecurity measures • Prevent entry • By fomites, people,roaming animals • Double fencing • Disinfection • Phenols and quarternary ammonium compounds, sunlight, drying, high temps Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  29. Quarantine and Disinfection • Depopulation and repopulation • Premises cleaned, disinfected • Left empty for 30 days • Test and removal • Test breeding herd monthly • Remove positive animals • Difficult to detect the latently infected • Offspring segregation • Vaccinate breeding herd • Remove young weaned pigs Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  30. Vaccination • Protects pigs from clinical signs • Decrease virus shedding • Does not provide sterile immunity or prevent latent infections • Attenuated, inactivated, gene-deleted vaccines • Vaccinated pigs which become infected can be detected Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  31. Additional Resources USDA-APHIS website www.aphis.usda.gov World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) website www.oie.int Center for Food Security and Public Health www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) website www.fao.org Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

  32. Acknowledgments Development of this presentationwas funded by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division, and the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardshipto the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University. Authors: Katie Spaulding, BS; Anna Rovid Spickler, DVM, PhD; Reviewers: James Roth, DVM, PhD; Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2008

More Related