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Diversity & Classification

Diversity & Classification. Objective A. Students will define the criteria used for classifying organisms. . Understanding Biodiversity…. Scientists estimate that there are 5 million DIFFERENT kinds of plants, animals and microorganisms on earth.

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Diversity & Classification

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  1. Diversity & Classification

  2. Objective A Students will define the criteria used for classifying organisms.

  3. Understanding Biodiversity…. • Scientists estimate that there are 5 million DIFFERENT kinds of plants, animals and microorganisms on earth. • Biodiversity: The variety of organisms in a given area.

  4. What is taxonomy? • GROUPING things according to their CHARACTERISTICS.

  5. Groups • Kingdom (largest) • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species (smallest) Great way to remember: Kids Play Chase On Freeway Get Squished

  6. Kingdom • Encompasses large groups; such as plants, animals or fungi.

  7. Phylum • Subgroup within a kingdom. Animals belong to the phylum Chordata. (meaning they have a spinal “chord”)

  8. Class • A sub group within a phylum containing common characteristics.

  9. Order • A sub group within a class.

  10. Family • A sub group with an order.

  11. Genus • A sub group within a family • Species with uniquely shared traits • Species are thought to be closely related.

  12. Species • Unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreeding • Defined based on unique features

  13. Changes over time…. • The classification system has changed over time • Traditionally used appearance and structure to group organisms • Can cause problems – some groups look similar but turn out to be distantly related others that look different are closely related

  14. FYI: Example In a sense, birds are dinosaurs! • Scientists think that modern birds are descended from a subgroup of dinosaurs – theropods. • They base this information on comparisons of modern birds and fossilized theropods.

  15. What’s in a name? Gallus Gallus Domesticus Bos Tarus Capra hircus Sus scrofa Ovis Aries Bos Indicus Meleagris Gallopavo Equus Caballus

  16. Creating Scientific Names • Carl Linnaeus – 1750’s • Catalog all known species • Created two-worded Latin names for each species (Binomial Nomenclature)

  17. Binomial Nomenclature (bie NOH mee uhl Noh muhn KLAY chuhr) • Scientific Name = Binomial Nomenclature Genus + Species = Scientific Name Example = Humans Homo + Sapien = Homo sapien

  18. Objective B Students will be able to utilize a dichotomous key to classify organisms.

  19. “How did we get there?” We know that this cow is “Bos Taurus” but…..

  20. Requires – keys Dichotomous Keys The road to classification

  21. Dichotomous Key • Assists in Identification • Contains pairs of contrasting descriptions • The key directs the user to another pair of descriptors or • Identifies an object

  22. Modern Linnaean System • Changes over time… • Category Domain – has been added (based on rRNA analysis)

  23. 3 Broad Groups • Eukaryote • Multiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animals • Prokaryote • Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane-bound structures i.e. bacteria • Archaea • Prokaryotes in extreme environments difference in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in hot pots

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