The Kings Of France

1. The Kings Of France King Louis IX Philip IV Charles VI Charles VII By Savannah Arnold, Margaret D’Auria, Alex So, Erin Toohey and Becca Warren

2. King Louis IX April 15,1214-August 25, 1270 November 8, 1226-August 25, 1270

3. Legacies, Religion • Honor and fairness in the kingdom • Created the supreme court • Something that Louis IX is very well known for is his passion for God, he was Roman Catholic • he risked his life for his people and his kingdom as if he was Jesus • Louis IX strengthened the monarchy and weakened feudal ties.

4. Economy, Trade, Technology • When Louis IX began, he gained trade with many countries and he allowed the kingdoms wealth to flourish

5. Government and Politics • Louis IX helped neighboring rulers with conflicts, he settled their disagreements the fairest way possible • Throughout his rule from 1226-1270 Louis IX had a passion for fair justice

6. Notable People and Events • Louis IX became king at the age of twelve. In the early years of his rule his mother Queen Blanche actually made all of the call • April 11, 1229 a treaty was signed with Paris, this treaty was called Parliament of Paris this gave power to the ruler to overturn decisions of local courts

7. Philip IV 1258-1314

8. General Philip was born in 1258 and died in 1314. He was nicknamed Philip the Fair, and ruled from 1285-1314. He suffered from a seizure and died in Fontainbleau, where he was born, on November 29, 1314.

9. Government One reform he made was The Chamber of Accountswhich was made to supervise finances.In 1302, Philip created the States General, which included people such as clergy, nobles, and commoners. This was used to gain support against papacy.

10. Technology/Warfare/Borders In order to keep his nation under rule, Philip had to keep the boundary lines from becoming blurred. A lot of towns were self-governing, making it harder to keep control over them. The Flanders, for example, fought to keep their independence.

11. Religion Philip the Fair was a pious and devoted Christian; however, he wouldn’t let the pope stand in his way of full power over France. His relation with Pope Boniface VIII was not strong. He wanted to tax the clergy without the pope’s knowledge or consent; this was forbidden by the pope in the bull called Clericis Laicosin 1296. Many other disputes with the pope happened afterwards.

12. Economy/trade A long and expensive war with England, conducted by Philip, lead to a financial crisis. Philip raised money by forcing loans, raising taxes, and increasing the amount of currency, among other things. He sent away the Lombards and Jews from France and overtook their land.

13. Notables • Philip IV was the son of King Philip III and Joan of Navarre. • He fought back and forth with Boniface VIII for control

14. Charles VI

15. Government Because of the fact Charles was insane many royalty of French blood tried to take advantage of this fact which result in much discord. His uncles Philip the Bold and John did this by taking the place of the officials (fighting over who gets the position). Another person was his well loved brother Louis. He tried to fill in for the king’s power vacuum (which is a person who filled the position of king when the king was unable to function). In the end Louis was killed and Philips died.

16. The Decline of Charles VI The decline of Charles VI started in the 1390’s when he was in his twenties. He started to go insane and had many crazed out breaks that got his the nickname “Charles the Mad”. Having a crazy leader allowed France to easily be defeated by the English in Battleof Agincourt. After this King Henry V forced him to disinherit his son for the throne and put Henry V as the successor, this was known as The Treaty of Troyes. Charles died in 1422 in Paris at the age of 53. He was buried at Basilique Saint Denis.

17. Technology In the time Charles VI was ruling the Hundred Years War took place. This being said the French used a variety of weapon. First was the two handed long sword which was a weapon favored by the knight. This had two edges which would be used for slicing and a sharp tip to impale enemies. They also used a crossbow which was the choice of long range weapon for it did not require training or strength to wield. But this was not effective in the wars since the strings got wet making the bow useless.

18. Charles VII 1403 - 1462

19. Charles VII • Charles VII was a French King born on February 22nd, 1403. He was the son of Charles VI. Charles VII was considered sickly, frail and unattractive. • In 1428, Joan of Arc came to Charles and promised her faith to him, so he granted her permission to lay siege on the city of Orleans. Orleans was captured in 1429, the same year that Charles was crowned king at the city of Rheims. • Only 2 years later, Joan was put to death as a heretic. Charles did nothing to save her, being a weak king, but stepped up his act from there on.

20. Charles VII • Charles issued the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges in 1438. This document limited the Pope’s control of the French Church. As a result, France had much more freedom from the Church which contributed to France forming as a nation. • In 1444, in the midst of the Hundred Years War with England, Charles signed a five year truce so he could bring more attention to the development of France. In this time, he helped restore its economy greatly.

21. Charles VII • The king had created his own army in 1449. By 1450, Charles had won back Normandy, and in 1453 Gascony was part of French territory. The Hundred Years War finally ended. • In his final years of ruling, Charles focusing and strengthening the regal power. Throughout his rule, in 1437, 1440, and 1442, Charles had to overpower revolts. When he died on July 22nd, 1462, the French empire went to his son, Louis XI.

22. King Louis XI July 3rd, 1423-August 30th, 1483 Ruled from 1461-1483 Yellow Words are Key

23. General Information King Charles VII was his father, King Charles VIII was his successor King Louis XI was also called the Spider King because of his thin, lanky looks and his authoritarian, unscrupulous character He was a great listener and his memory was perfect, better than some people would have liked He had two wives: Margaret and Charlotte of Savoy. After Margaret died, Louis remarried to Charlotte.

24. Green line=French boundary under King Louis XI. The ocean (blue) is also a border. Borders were formed through wars and conquering lands

25. Technology, Religion, Government His military was skilled and won a lot of battles. However, there was no real new technology or warfare at the time. Religion: Roman Catholic He rebuilt churches and sought prayers of the Pope and his clergymen Collected relics, which are any old objects Louis XI was given the task of reorganizing the civil institutions of France because they were in very bad quality when they were given to him. To edit these, Louis raised taxes and created new ones. No one complained when he collected them, either. Big taxes that Louis earned money on were tailles, taxes on land, and gabelles, taxes on salt. They made France’s treasury a rich one. Also, Louis stopped abuses.

26. Revolt of Nobles: 1464 • Nobles in the League of Public Weal revolted from Louis and his laws • Fought against the Count of Armagnac, the Prince of Calabria, Charles of France, and nobles from Brittany, Bourbon, and Burgundy • Settled in 1465 by granting other nobles financial and legal yields • Charles the Bold of Burgundy had another revolt with King Edward IV of England in 1468 that ended in more legal yields • Charles the Bold and Edward IV had more uprisings in 1472 and 1475

27. Last of Charles the Bold and Edward: 1475-1477 • Huge revolt founded by Charles and Edward • England and France made a truce called the Treaty of Picqugny that stopped conflict between the English and the French for the first time in 1½ centuries. • Charles the Bold is killed in 1477 in a battle with the Swiss, Louis’ ally, and the big threat was removed. • Burgundy is captured by Louis in 1482

28. One desire of Louis’ was to have excellent trade in France and with other countries Practiced economic warfare and effective economic protectionism Economy, Trade, Declines Tried state-owned shipping in the Mediterranean, state-operated arsenals, and silk trade control at different times. They worked to an extent. Urged for more great and localfairs When Louis was in war, France had a slight decline every time He wanted abolition of all tariff, or fee, restrictions in France

29. Legacies of Louis XI Gave Charles VIII an almost unlimited and one of the strongest monarchies and militaries He rebuilt churches in France, and most of France both physically and economically and he worked very hard at it Created a France that had a big sense of nationalism and patriotism, one of the key elements in a successful nation Charles VIII had a full treasury, four times the money, and a much higher economic position than Louis XI had started with Louis reassembled the kingdom in a good way

30. Current Event: French Presidential Election 2012 ARS: • What is the socialist party? • How many terms can you be a president and how many years is a term? • I predict that Mr. Hollande will win the election. • I predict Mr. Hollande will win 2 of the 3 rounds of voting.

31. The first round of the French presidential election occurred on April 20th, 2012. Françoise Hollande beat the current president Nicolas Sarkozy by 2.9% of the vote (28.4%-25.9%). The next closest candidate was Marine Le Pen who had a mild 18.5% of the vote. Only the top two candidates move on to the second round, though, so she was eliminated. On May 6th, the French will have to choose between Hollande and Sarkozy. Sarkozy is the current president, but his term is almost up. He can run again, though, so he is going to. Some people don’t like him because of all of his scandals and some just don’t like him. All of those votes will go to Hollande in the second round of three. Also, there will be Marine’s votes and others who received votes besides Sarkozy and Hollande to watch for. This will be close and interesting. This falls under the category of peace and security. It is dealing with the politics of a nation. The security of France lies in the hands of the public because they are about to choose the next leader that will create the laws and either keep peace in their nation or go into a major debt and create a war. If they decide on the wrong person as a nation, like some have in the past, major changes or declines could happen. Or you could vote correctly and choose the man who is the most likely to benefit France the most. It is all political, and politics is peace and security.

32. This relates to French kings in a couple of ways. One way is that certain people always like them, and some people always are opposed to the leaders. When people opposed leaders in the 1400s, though, the kings usually fought a war with them. Now, the person is thrown in jail or executed. Also, the fate of the country lies in the leader’s hands. Once they’re the leader, they can do anything they want, whether they said that they would or not. Next, you have that leader for a certain amount of time. They can be there for their whole life or only a portion. During the research, we found out that kings have benefited and hurt their countries, and there has been a fair share of both of them. Mr. Sarkozy has done France some good and some bad. His scandals have hurt the country, but some of his decisions were very smart ones. Mr. Hollande is like a prince. He could be the next one, and people think he has the potential. He could be a major fail, though, even though everyone loves him. That is like a king’s son. People may think that he will make a great king, but he may wind up harming the country, or vice versa. All countries always hope for the best, though. I was surprised by this. Usually, people get the maximum amount of terms unless they did something really bad. Also, I thought that women would love Marine Le Pen and Jean-Luc Melenchon more than they did. Also, I am shocked to see the top two runners within 3% of each other for votes. I also get a better understanding of cultural diffusion. We have seen cultural diffusion work its way around forever. It is still affecting us today. People want to vote on who is their leader, not just follow one family. We were the first nation to do that. I thought that France had a prime minister, but we have obviously shown them that presidency is better. Even though they have an election, I was surprised that the man in first place is a socialist. I thought it would be someone from the far-left or the far-right. I guess that French people like everyone to be accounted for. It will be interesting to find the results out for this tight election. I can’t wait to see where the losing candidates and their supporters go.

33. Works Cited • “Louis XI.” Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 18 April. 2012. • "Charles, VII." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=BIC1&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1631001293&mode=view • "Charles, VII." Historic World Leaders. Gale, 1994. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=BIC1&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1616000132&mode=view • "Philip IV (1268-1314)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 18 Apr. 2012.http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=BIC1&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CA148471387&mode=view&userGroupName=newt92343&jsid=a5bf4a6fff92c8c32ac2065bd4658123 • Strayer, J. R. "Philip IV, King of France." New Catholic Encyclopedia. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Ref erence&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=BIC1&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=G ALE%7CK3407708773&mode=view&userGroupName=newt92343&jsid=2fe1f51ae8877d743ec7a787a37d e334 • "Charles, VI." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. • "Hundred Years War." Middle Ages. Web. 25 Apr <http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/hundred-years-war.htm>.