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Facial Bones Anatomy and Projections Guide

Learn about the facial bone structure, including nasal bones, maxillary bones, palatine bones, and their articulations. Understand essential projections techniques and patient positioning for imaging.

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Facial Bones Anatomy and Projections Guide

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  1. Week 6 Facial Bone, Nasal Bone Anatomy, Facial Bone, Nasal Bone Projections

  2. FACIAL BONES 14 bones in the face, not including the hyoid bone 6 paired bones 2 unpaired bones

  3. Nasal bone 13 2 1 3 4 11 10 6 7 9 8 8 5

  4. Nasal Bones Two small, thin bones Vary in size and shape in individuals Form superior bony wall of nasal cavity Commonly called “bridge of nose” Articulations With each other in midsagittal plane Superior = frontal bone Posterosuperior = perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone On each lateral side = maxillae

  5. Lacrimal Bones The two smallest bones in the skull Located in anterior part of medial wall of orbits between labyrinth of ethmoid and maxilla Each bone contains a lacrimal foramen through which the tear duct passes Articulations Frontal Ethmoid Maxilla Inferior nasal concha

  6. Maxillary Bones Largest immoveable bones of face Each articulates with all other facial bones, except for mandible Also articulate with frontal and ethmoid cranial bones Form part of lateral walls and most of floor of nasal cavity Form part of floor of orbit

  7. Maxillary Bones Form three fourths of roof of mouth Have zygomatic process that articulate with zygoma to form part of cheek Body contains large, pyramidal cavity = maxillary sinus Infraorbital foramen = located under each orbit for passage of infra-orbital nerve and artery

  8. Maxillary Bones Alveolar process = inferior borders of spongy bone that support roots of teeth Anterior nasal spine = forward, pointed process at their midline junction Acanthion = midpoint of this junction

  9. Maxillary Bone

  10. Palatine Bones Two L-shaped bones composed of vertical and horizontal plates Horizontal plates articulate with maxillae to complete the posterior fourth of bony palate (roof of mouth) Vertical portions extend upward between maxillae and pterygoid processes of sphenoid in posterior nasal cavity Superior tips of vertical plates assist in forming posteromedial orbit

  11. Palantine Bones

  12. Hard Palate

  13. Inferior Nasal Conchae Extend diagonally and inferiorly from lateral walls of nasal cavity at its lower third Long, narrow, very thin bones with a lateral curl Gives scroll-like appearance Upper two nasal conchae are processes of ethmoid bone

  14. Inferior Nasal Concha

  15. Zygomatic Bones Articulations Superior = frontal bone Lateral = zygomatic process of temporal bone Anterior = maxilla Posterior = sphenoid

  16. Zygomatic Bones

  17. Vomer Thin plate of bone situated in MSP of floor of nasal cavity Forms inferior nasal septum Superior border articulates with body of sphenoid bone Superior part of anterior border articulates with perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Posterior border is free

  18. Vomer

  19. Mandible Largest and densest bone of the face Body = curved horizontal portion Rami = two vertical portions on each side of body Angle of mandible = junction of body and ramus Also called gonion Mental protuberance = anterior, triangular prominence

  20. Mandible Symphysis = most anterior and central part where left and right halves of mandible fuse Alveolar process = superior border of body; consists of spongy bone that supports roots of teeth Mental foramina = small openings on each side below the second premolar; transmit nerves and blood vessels

  21. Mandible Coronoid process = anterior process on top of ramus Condylar process = posterior process on top of ramus; articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Mandibular notch = concave area at top of ramus between coronoid and condylar processes

  22. Anatomy: Mandible Anterior and lateral aspects of mandible

  23. Hyoid Bone Small U-shaped bone situated at the base of the tongue Accessory bone of axial skeleton – not a facial or cranial bone Only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone

  24. Anatomy: Facial Bones Lateral aspect of facial bones

  25. Clicker Question • Which facial bones form part of the hard palate? • Palatine • Mandible • Zygoma • Lacrimal

  26. Clicker Question • All of the following are part of the bony orbit, except: • Palatine • Zygoma • Lacrimal • Vomer

  27. Essential Projections: Facial Bones Lateral Parietoacanthial (Waters method) Acanthioparietal (reverse Waters method) Posteroanterior (PA) axial (Caldwell method)

  28. Lateral Facial Bones Patient position Semi-prone or seated in upright anterior oblique Part position MSP of head parallel with image receptor (IR) Interpupillary line (IPL) perpendicular to IR Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) perpendicular to front edge of IR

  29. Lateral Facial Bones Central ray (CR) Perpendicular to IR center Enters patient on lateral surface of zygomatic bone halfway between outer canthus and external acoustic meatus (EAM) Collimated field 8 x 10 inches (18 x 24 cm)

  30. Lateral facial bones

  31. Lateral facial bones

  32. Lateral facial bones

  33. PA Axial (Caldwell) Patient position Seated erect or prone MSP centered to midline Forehead and nose resting on table or upright Bucky Part position OML perpendicular to IR plane MSP perpendicular to IR IR centered to nasion

  34. PA Axial (Caldwell) CR Angled 15 degrees caudad Exits nasion For orbital rims, angle 30 degrees caudad (“exaggerated” Caldwell) Collimated field 10 x 12 inches (24 x 30 cm)

  35. PA Axial (Caldwell)

  36. PA Axial(Caldwell)

  37. PA Axial (Caldwell)

  38. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones Patient position Prone or seated upright Center MSP to midline of upright Bucky

  39. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones Part position Rest head on tip of extended chin Place orbitomeatal line (OML) to form 37-degree angle with plane of IR Mentomeatal line (MML) perpendicular to IR MSP perpendicular to IR Center IR to level of acanthion

  40. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones CR Perpendicular to exit acanthion Collimated field 8 x 10 inches (18 x 24 cm)

  41. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

  42. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

  43. Parieto-acanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

  44. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

  45. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

  46. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones • Modifications for the Water’s projection: • done to see entire orbital rims • OML at a 55° angle to IR • (use the LML for positioning) • petrous ridges just below IOM

  47. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones-Modified

  48. Parieto-acanthial (Waters) Facial Bones Modifications for the Water’s projection:

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