Legacy of the Golden Age: Contributions of Ancient Greeks

1. The Greeks The Greeks “The School of Athens,” – by Raphael

2. Objectives: The Golden Age of Athens Objectives: The Golden Age of Athens Identify the key contributions made to civilization by the Ancient Greeks in the Golden Age of Greece. Identify the contributions made by Pericles to increase democratic values and the beauty of Athens. Identify the following men and their works: Sophocles, Myron, Phidias, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Herodotus, Thucydides, Archimedes, Pythagoras, Euclid, Eratosthenes, and Hippocrates.

3. Ancient Greece Ancient Greece

4. The Golden Age of Athens The Golden Age of Athens • The Greekswin the Persian Wars – effect: • Greece (Athens) enjoys a GoldenAge of prosperity in all areas. 480 - 430 BC

5. The Golden Age of Pericles The Golden Age of Pericles • General – ruledAthens during its Golden Age. • He had 3 Goals for Athens: • Strengthen democracy, strengthen Athens and beautify Athens. Bust of Pericles

6. The Golden Age of Pericles The Golden Age of Pericles • Strengthen Democracy: • Payofficials who are elected to serve. • Some officialschosen by lot. Pericles addresses the Assembly of Athens.

7. The Golden Age of Pericles The Golden Age of Pericles • 1. (Continued)Strengthen Democracy: • Direct Democracy – Citizens vote directly on laws and rules.

8. The Golden Age of Pericles The Golden Age of Pericles • 2.Strengthen Athenian Empire: • Built a strong navy • Encouraged overseas trade

9. The Golden Age of Pericles The Golden Age of Pericles • 3.Glorify and beautify Athens • Tax dollars used to hire Phidias and other artists to build the Parthenon.

10. Greek Art Greek Art • Classical values – order, balance, and proportion.

11. Greek Art - Phidias Greek Art - Phidias • Phidias – most famous sculptor. • Designed the Parthenon and the statue of Athena. Statue of Athena

12. Greek Art - Phidias Greek Art - Phidias Statue of Zeus

13. The Acropolis The Acropolis • Acropolis – an isolated hill that can be fortified against attack.

14. The Parthenon The Parthenon Designed by Phidias to glorify Athens and Athena.

15. Greek Art - Myron Greek Art - Myron • Myron – sculptor who designed the “Discus thrower.”

16. Architechture Architechture Ionic Doric Erectheum - Parthenon

17. Greek Drama Greek Drama

18. Greek Drama Greek Drama • There were two types of plays, tragedy and comedy. • Use of masks and the chorus. • Each year, an award and money was given for the best play.

19. Greek Drama Greek Drama • Sophocles- Great writer of tragic plays. • Oedipus Rex • Antigone.

20. Greek Drama Greek Drama • Euripedes- • Wrote Medea • Aeschylus • Aristophanes.

21. Socrates Socrates • Greatest of all philosophers. • Taught Plato. • “Know thyself” • Socratic Method

22. Plato Plato • Student of Socrates. • School – the Academy. • Wrote the Republic.

23. Plato Plato • Plato believed that a philosopher- king was the best type of ruler.

24. Aristotle Aristotle • Philosopher • TaughtAlexander the Great. • Started a school called the Lyceum.

25. Herodotus, the Historian Herodotus, the Historian • Recorded the Persian War. • Considered the 1stHistorian.

26. Thucydides Thucydides • Historian who recorded the Peloponnesian War. • He also wrote about the plague that hit Athens.

27. The Plague of Athens The Plague of Athens “…men were seized first with intense heat of the head…sneezing, and severe coughing…when it settled in the stomach, vomits of bile ensued…patients died, as most of them did on the seventh or ninth day…” - Excerpts from “The Plague in Athens” by Thucydides in 430 BC.

28. Archimedes Archimedes • He discovered pi. • Archimedes screw. • Formula – surface and volume of a sphere.

29. Archimedes Archimedes Water screw • The waterscrew brought water to the surface, enabling farmers to irrigate their crops.

30. Archimedes Archimedes • Archimedes designed levers and pulleys. • Archimedes and his burning mirrors.

31. Archimedes Archimedes “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the earth.” – Archimedes. Levers and pulleys

32. Eratosthenes Eratosthenes • Greek mathematician • Measured the diameter of the earth. • Did a good deal of work with prime numbers.

33. Euclid Euclid • “Father of Geometry.” • Wrote The Elements. • Taught at Alexandria.

34. Pythagoras Pythagoras • A(2) + B(2) = C(2) • Pythagorean theorem

35. Hippocrates Hippocrates • “Father of Medicine.” • To this day, doctors take the “Hippocratic Oath.”

36. Olympics Olympics • Games that began around 776 B.C. that prepared men for war. • These games were held every 4 years in Olympia and they were for men only. • These games honored the god Zeus.

37. Olympics Olympics • Boxing • Wrestling • Javelin and discus toss. • Foot races

38. Greek Advances Greek Advances • Sculpture • Poetry and Drama • Philosophy • Math and Science • Architecture

39. The End of the Golden Age The End of the Golden Age • Three events will lead to the downfall of the Golden Age of Greece. • Yet this time still remains one of the greatest times of innovation in the history of the world.