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Hypothalamus

By: Riley Weber & Rachel Bender. Hypothalamus. Hypothalamus definition:.

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Hypothalamus

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  1. By: Riley Weber & Rachel Bender Hypothalamus

  2. Hypothalamus definition: • A neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

  3. Guides responses back to stress. Supervises reproduction. Links the nervous system to the endocrine system. Monitors blood chemistry. Hypothalamus functions: • Manages blood pressure and electrolytes. • Controls body temperature. • Controls metabolism. • Regulates sleep. • Governs the autonomic nervous system. • Regulates heart rate.

  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMrPlCDGUwo

  5. Light & darkness- optic nerve. Toxins leading to throwing up- unusual neurons. Other parts of the limbic system & the smell nerves- regulates eating & sexuality. Also sends information through the autonomic system & pituitary gland. Parts of the brain it works with: • Hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and many other glands. • Gets information from numerous sources. • Blood pressure & distension of the gut- vagus nerve. • Skin temperature– reticular formation.

  6. Wakefulness Salvation Digestion Body weight -If injured it can lead to depression, hyperactivity, disordered sleep, abnormal responses to stress, and alter body temperature. Hypothalamus injured. These symptoms would be increased or decreased: • Hunger • Thirst • Body temperature • Sleepiness

  7. Hypothalamus injured • If your hypothalamus gland stops working, your pituitary gland can stop working as well.

  8. Disorders • Hypothalamus dysfunction- Anorexia, bulimia, tumors, birth defects, developmental disorders (height & weight) failure to begin or end puberty, or starting puberty early, rapid weight gain, low sex hormone levels. • Hypothyroidism- thyroid glands don't produce enough hormones. Symptoms: depression, muscles aches, & abnormal fatigue. • Adrenal dysfunction- something goes wrong with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Symptoms: fatigue, problems concentrating, & trouble sleeping. • Kallmann's syndrome- genetic & can cause hypothalamus problems. Symptoms: late puberty, color blindness, & problems smelling. • Homeostasis instability- hypothalamus gland doesn't work correctly. Symptoms: emotional instability, body temperature fluctuations, & changes in blood pressure.

  9. Recent Discoveries - A protein called leptin is being sent out by fat cells when we eat to much. The hypothalamus senses the amount of it in our bloodstream and acts by decreasing our apetite. • The hypothalamus can control aging whenever certain pathways are blocked.

  10. The hypothalamus is the part of the body that makes you sweat and shiver. Random Facts • It is a thin plate of neural tissue. • It is 3-4 millimeters thick, which is .118-.157 inches thick. • It weighs 4 grams, note the brain weighs roughly 1,400 grams.

  11. It is below the thalamus (hypo) The cerebral hemisphere hides it. It is part of the limbic system. Also in the cerebrum, which is located in the forebrain. Location • Found on either side of the front end of the third ventricle. • Deep in the middle of the brain. • Near the middle of the cranial cavity.

  12. Corticotropin- releasing hormone. (CRH) Somatostatin. Dopamine. Their effects are released in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Hormones • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (TRH) • Gonadotropin- releasing hormone. (GnRH) • Growth hormone- releasing hormone. (GHRH)

  13. Citations • - "Hypothalamus Function." Welcome to Meta-Health Weightloss Management Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2013. • - "The Limbic System." The Limbic System. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2013. • - "What Are the Different Hypothalamus Disorders?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2013.

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