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Northern Renaissance

Northern Renaissance. danse macabre theme in art. Different from Italian. In literature: Northern Humanists more interested in religious reforms more willing to write for lay audiences woodcuts for the illiterate

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Northern Renaissance

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  1. Northern Renaissance danse macabre theme in art

  2. Different from Italian • In literature: • Northern Humanists more interested in religious reforms • more willing to write for lay audiences • woodcuts for the illiterate • Johann Gutenberg - printing with movable type - printing press - Mainz, Germany - The Bible 1454

  3. Brothers of the Common Life • lay religious movement - Modern Devotion • began in Netherlands • produced lots of Northern Humanists: • Erasmus of Rotterdam • Prince of Humanism • In Praise of Folly

  4. Desiderius Erasmus • Colloquies - short Latin dialogues turns to anticlerical dialogues, satires on religious superstition • Adages - proverbs “leave no stone unturned” “Where there is smoke, there is fire.” • philosophia Christi - Christian ideals of love and piety to be taught as a way to reform individuals and society • attacks dogmatic, ceremonial religious practices • produces new Greek edition of the New Testament 1516 • works placed on Index of Forbidden Books

  5. Erasmus and Luther • Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched. • But both part ways: • Erasmus = free will • Luther = justification through faith alone

  6. German Humanism • Ulrich von Hutten - German Humanist: • nationalistic - hostile to non-German cultures • defends academic freedom in Reuchlin affair: • a movement to suppress Jewish scholarly works • von Hutten writes Letters of Obscure Men 1515 • German humanists defend Luther in 1517 when he too is attacked for his 95 theses

  7. Humanism in England • Thomas More • “The king’s good servant • but God’s first. • Utopia 1516 • imaginary society based on reason and tolerance which overcomes social and political injustice by not allowing private property and requiring everyone to earn their share by their work - sounds like.....?

  8. More and Henry VIII • Repudiates Act of Supremacy 1534 - King of England replaces Pope as head of Church • Refuses to recognize king’s marriage to Anne Boleyn • Executed 1535

  9. Humanism in Spain • serves the Catholic Church • Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros - confessor to Queen Isabella • “Grand Inquisitor” after 1508 • Complutensian Polyglot Bible - multiple volumes of Latin, Greek and Hebrew Bibles • keeps Spain Catholic during Reformation

  10. Important Cities • Bruges • Brussels • Ghent • Regions was called Flanders, people = Flemish, present-day Belgium. Famous painters: Jan van Eyck and Pieter Bruegel.

  11. Northern Art • Artists mostly came from Flanders (modern-day Belgium) and the Netherlands. • Looked to nature instead of ancient ruins they did not have. • Realism - painted exactly as it existed, in a detailed way, especially nature • Unidealized figures - humans often look thin and pale • Symbolism - every object symbolizes themes of the paintings objects carry hidden meanings • Used oil which blended better than tempera, use of light and shade created three-dimensional paintings. Brighter reds • “atmospheric perspective” making objects farther away appear hazy to suggest depth. • printmaking - woodcuts

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