4. The Hats of the Online Instructor or E-Moderator

1. 4. The Hats of the Online Instructor or E-Moderator Curtis J. Bonk, Indiana University

2. What Roles of Online Instructor??? • facilitator, hostess, chair, host, lecturer, tutor, facilitator, mediator, mentor, provocateur, observer, participant, assistant, organizer (Paulsen, 1995; Selinger, 1999)

3. More Roles of Online Instructor??? organize, monitor, weave, responsive, clear, patient, project friendly image, refocus, intermittant summarizer

4. (per McIsaac, Blocher, Mahes, & Vrasidas, 1999)

5. Mason’s (1991) 3 Roles • Organizational—set agenda, objectives, timetable, procedural rules • Patience, vary things, spur discussion, invites • Social—welcome, thank, provide feedback, and set generally positive tone • Reinforce good things, invite to be candid • Intellectual—probe, ask q’s, refocus, set goals, weave comments, synthesize comments • Know when to summarize and to leave alone

6. Four Key Hats of Instructors: • Technical—do students have basics? Does their equipment work? Passwords work? • Managerial—Do students understand the assignments and course structure? • Pedagogical—How are students interacting, summarizing, debating, thinking? • Social—What is the general tone? Is there a human side to this course? Joking allowed? • (Ashton, Roberts, & Teles, 1999)

7. Class #1: Undergraduate Course: Ed Psych • Technical—Train, early tasks, be flexible, used custom built tools (& INSITE & e-ed) • Managerial—Initial meeting(s), detailed syllabus, calendar, posting dots, post administrivia, assign e-mail pals • Pedagogical—Peer fdbk, debates, starter-wrapper, cases, structured controversy, field reflections, portfolios, teams • Social—Café, humor, interactivity, pics, profiles, foreign guests

8. Class #2: Graduate Course: Instructional Technology • Technical—Find collab tool (i.e., ACT) • Managerial—FAQs, PBL teams, rubrics, weekly e-mail feedback, clear expectations, monitor discussions, post when off track • Pedagogical—PBL environment, inquiry, value multiple perspectives • Social—Create online community, support casual conversation, invite visitors

9. Class #3a & #3b: Vocational College Course: Computer Info Systems • Technical—Use course management tool (e-education) and then developed custom site • Managerial—Use nongraded online tests before real test, assignment page, gradebook • Pedagogical—Project based--create Web sites and designs, online peer feedback • Social—Profiles page, digital camera pics, combine face-to-face and online.

10. Class #4: Graduate Education Course: Instructional Technology • Technical—Orientation task (SitesScape Forum), decisions on preferred WP’ers, etc. • Managerial—Portfolios give overview of how doing, e-mail updates, track logins • Pedagogical—Online discussion themes, post favorite Web link, intro, devil’s advocates, link peer responses, ask probing q’s, portfolios, peer fdbk on portfolios • Social—Discuss online concerns & survival tactics, profiles, photos, instructor anecdotes

11. Study of Four Classes(Bonk, Kirkley, Hara, & Dennen, 2001) • Technical—Train, early tasks, be flexible, orientation task • Managerial—Initial meeting, FAQs, detailed syllabus, calendar, post administrivia, assign e-mail pals, gradebooks, email updates • Pedagogical—Peer feedback, debates, PBL, cases, structured controversy, field reflections, portfolios, teams, inquiry, portfolios • Social—Café, humor, interactivity, profiles, foreign guests, digital pics, conversations, guests

12. How to Combine these Roles?

13. E-Moderator • Refers to online teaching and facilitation role. Moderating used to mean to preside over a meeting or a discussion, but in the electronic world, it means more than that. It is all roles combined—to hold meetings, to encourage, to provide information, to question, to summarize, etc. (Collins & Berge, 1997; Gilly Salmon, 2000); see http://www.emoderators.com/moderators.shtml.

15. Other Hats

16. Personal Learning Trainer • Learners need a personal trainer to lead them through materials and networks, identify relevant materials and advisors and ways to move forward (Mason, 1998; Salmon, 2000).

17. Online Concierge • To provide support and information on request (perhaps a map of the area…) (Gilly Salmon, 2000).

18. Online Conductor • The pulling together of a variety of resources as people as in an orchestra to produce beautiful integrated sound or perhaps electrical current conductors if your conferences are effective and flow along, there will be energy, excitement, and power (Gilly Salmon, 2000).

19. E-Police • While one hopes you will not call yourself this nor find the need to make laws and enforce them, you will need some Code of Practice or set procedures, and protocols for e-moderators (Gilly Salmon, 2000).

20. Convener • A term that is used especially with online conferences and courses where there is a fairly side audience (Gilly Salmon, 2000).

21. Online Negotiator • Where knowledge construction online is desired, the key role for the e-moderator is one of negotiating the meaning of activities and information thought online discussion and construction (Gilly Salmon, 2000).

22. Online Host • The social role of online working is important so there may be a need for a social host or hostess. They do not need to run social events online (though they may) but ensure everyone is greeted and introduced to others with like-minded interests (Gilly Salmon, 2000).

23. Other Hats • Weaver—linking comments/threads • Tutor—individualized attention • Participant—joint learner • Provocateur—stir the pot (& calm flames) • Observer—watch ideas and events unfold • Mentor—personally apprentice students • Community Organizer—keep system going

24. Assistant Devil’s advocate Editor Expert Filter Firefighter Facilitator Gardener Helper Lecturer Marketer Mediator Priest Promoter Still More Hats

25. Sure…but Cat Herder???

26. What Hats Do You Typically Wear???

27. Reality: ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ Ideal World: ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ Activity: Pick a Hat or Metaphor from 40 Options

28. Let’s Explore These Hats Again With Specific Examples! • Technical • Social • Managerial • Pedagogical

29. Technological Hat • Address tool/system familiarity • Require early assignment to test technology • Have orientation task, early training • Be flexible, smooth out problems • Plan, test, support

33. Social Hat • Create community, set tone, motivate • Welcome, thank, invite, reinforce positives • Foster shared knowledge • Support humor and conversational tone • Use tools such as cafes, profiles, pictures • Invite to be candid

38. Student Social Interaction Comment I know it may sound weird, but in the online class, I felt like I knew the people better than I did in a real class. We felt like we knew everyone just because we had to interact so often. It was very cool. I still feel like when I see these people in the hall, I know who they are. I feel like I know them ten times better than anyone else I had classes with.

39. Managerial Hat • Set agenda, timetable/calendar, assignment page • Set objectives, clear times, due dates, expectations • Explain rules, assignments, intended audiences • Assign teams and coordinate meeting times • Monitor discussions and track logins • Provide weekly feedback and class updates • Manage gradebooks • Post grading rubrics

49. Pedagogical Hat • Use PBL or inquiry environment • Refer to outside resources and experts • Coordinate student interaction, team collaboration • Assign roles, set goals, foster peer feedback • Ask probing questions, refocus, nudge, instruct • Scaffold, give advice, mentor • Weave, synthesize, link ideas, provide overviews • Know when to intervene and when to leave alone