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By: Dana Al-Abdulmalik 7B

New Life. By: Dana Al-Abdulmalik 7B. Reproduction in plants . Reproduction means producing new living things . Animals and plants reproduce to make new individuals of the same species. There are two main ways of reproducing: Asexual production, and sexual production.

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By: Dana Al-Abdulmalik 7B

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  1. New Life By: Dana Al-Abdulmalik 7B

  2. Reproduction in plants Reproduction means producing new living things. Animals and plants reproduce to make new individuals of the same species. There are two main ways of reproducing: Asexual production, and sexual production.

  3. Asexual Reproduction • Asexual production: One parent, offspring are identical to the parents; same genes & they are called clones. • Some plants like Amoeba, Hydra, and yeast are produced from one parent. • Definition: Asexual reproduction produces individuals with identical genetic information to the parent. • Examples: Potato, yeast, Hydra, strawberry plant, and bread mould. • Asexual reproduction is pretty common along with plants and simple animals. • In a strawberry plant a stem extends away from the parent plant. • Aspen and popular trees do the same think but with their roots.

  4. Sexual reproduction in plants Sexual reproduction is the creation of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms.

  5. Structure of a Flower • The female parts of a flower consist of an ovary, which contains one or more ovules, a style and the stigma. The ovary is at the base of the flower. • From the ovary, extends a tubular structure called the style and on the top of the style is a surface receptive to pollen called the stigma. • The stigma can take many different forms, most of them designed to help trap pollen. There are many variations on this basic structural theme.

  6. Flowering a Plant • Sexual reproduction in plants occurs when the pollen from an anther is transferred to the stigma. Then it goes down the style and gets fertilized by the ovules in the ovary flower. When the ovules are fertilized, they will develop into seeds. The petals of the flower fall off leaving only the ovary behind, which will develop into a fruit.

  7. Pollination • Flowering plants use the wind, insects, bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen from the male (stamen) part of the flower to the female (stigma) part of the flower.

  8. Fertilization • After pollination fertilization takes place. This is when the pollen and the ovule join together to make a seed. • The seed also contains a food store, usually starch. • The part of the flower surrounding the seed is known as the fruit. • After fertilization the petals and stamens wither and die. The ovary (which forms the fruit) swells up, sometimes considerably. (ie as in the apple)

  9. Seed Dispersal The job of the fruit is to carry the seeds as far as possible from the parent plant so the new plants have room to grow and do not compete for resources such as light, water and nutrients in the soil.  A plant can disperse in 4 ways which are: • The fruit is eaten by animals such as birds but are not digested. The seeds pass out the animal along with its droppings e.g. cherry, blackberry. • The fruit splits open. sometimes this happens with a lot of force and the seeds are shot out. E.g. beans. the pod is the fruit and the beans are the seeds. • The fruits have little hooks. these hooks stick to the fur of animals. e.g. burdock. • The fruits have wings or hairs and this lets them get carried by the wind,. e.g. sycamore trees have winged fruits.

  10. Germination • Seeds remain inactive until conditions are right for germination. All seeds need water, oxygen, and proper temperature in order to germinate. Some seeds require proper light also. Some germinate better in full light while others require darkness to germinate. • When a seed is exposed to the proper conditions, water and oxygen are taken in through the seed coat. The embryo's cells start to enlarge. Then the seed coat breaks open and a root emerges first, followed by the shoot that contains the leaves and stem.

  11. Conditions for Seed Germination • The seed will not germinate until it gets warm. As well as warmth the seed also needs oxygen and water to grow. • Without all three (Water, oxygen and warmth) the seed will not grow.

  12. Monocot Seed • Monocots have only one seed leaf inside the seed coat. It is often only a thin leaf, because the endosperm to feed the new plant is not inside the seed leaf.

  13. Dicot Seed • Dicot have two seed leaves inside the seed coat. They are usually rounded and fat, because they contain the endosperm to feed the embryo plant.

  14. Bibliography Pictures: • http://wissahickonrestorationvolunteers.org/files/2212/4726/5581/ist2_3181669-new-life.jpg • http://dbscience3.wikispaces.com/file/view/flower_parts.gif/73311929/flower_parts.gif

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