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CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5. Data and Knowledge Management. Difficulties in Managing Data. Amount of data increases exponentially. Data are scattered. Data are collected by many individuals using various methods and devices. Data come from many sources. Data degrades over time.

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CHAPTER 5

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  1. CHAPTER 5 Data and Knowledge Management

  2. Difficulties in Managing Data • Amount of data increases exponentially. • Data are scattered. • Data are collected by many individuals using various methods and devices. • Data come from many sources. • Data degrades over time. • Data security, quality and integrity are critical.

  3. Data Governance Data governance – an approach to managing data and information across an entire organization. • Federal regulations • Amount of data is overwhelming

  4. The Database Approach: Benefits • Database management system (DBMS) provides all users with access to all the data. • A DBMS can reduce the following problems: • Data redundancy • Data isolation • Data inconsistency • A DBMS can increase the following: • Data security • Data integrity • Data independence

  5. Database Management Systems

  6. Data Hierarchy Bit Byte Field Record File (or table) Database

  7. Designing the Database • Data model • Entity (a table) • Attribute (a field) • Primary key • Database designers plan the database design in a process called entity-relationship (ER) modeling.

  8. Entity-Relationship Diagram Model

  9. Data Warehouses Data warehouse – repository of historical data organized to support decision makers in the organization. • Organized • Consistent • Historical • Nonvolatile (unchanging/read only) • Multidimensional

  10. Data Warehouses: Advantages • Data can be accessed easily and quickly. • Extensive data analysis is possible. • Data is consolidated into one place.

  11. Data Warehouses: Disadvantages • Very expensive. • Requires constant maintenance. • Could be difficult to set up and maintain. • Could take extensive time to set up. • Functional units may not always want to share data.

  12. Data Marts Data mart – a small data warehouse, designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit (SBU) or a department. • Smaller and less functional so generally: • less expensive • can be created and perform quicker • local control so data sharing may not be required

  13. Knowledge Management Knowledge management (KM) – a process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that is part of the organization’s memory, usually in an unstructured format. • Knowledge – recall what it is... • Information in action. How we USE information. • Aka intellectual capital (or intellectual assets)

  14. Explicit vs Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge – objective, rational, technical knowledge that has been documented. • policies, procedural guides, reports, products, strategies, goals, core competencies – cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning. • experiences, insights, expertise, know-how, trade secrets, understanding, skill sets, and learning

  15. Knowledge Management Systems Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs) – refer to the use of information technologies to systematize, enhance, and expedite intrafirm and interfirm knowledge management.

  16. Knowledge Management System Cycle

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