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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Ionic Bonding and Salt. Ionic Bonding. Since cations (+) and anions (-) have opposite charges they attract each other. When they attract each other they form an ionic bond. Ionic Bonding.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Ionic Bonding and Salt

  2. Ionic Bonding • Since cations (+) and anions (-) have opposite charges they attract each other. • When they attract each other they form an ionic bond.

  3. Ionic Bonding In an ionic bond the nonmetal (Cl) will take an electron(s) from the metal (Na). The transfer of electrons will cause the atoms to become ions, cation (Na+) and anion (Cl-). In the example above sodium chloride is formed.

  4. Ionic Bonding • The force of attraction between the 1+ charge on the sodium cation and the 1 charge on the chloride anion creates the ionic bond in sodium chloride. • Sodium chloride is a salt, the scientific name given to many different ionic compounds.

  5. Salts • All salts are electrically neutralionic compounds that are made up of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds in a simple, whole-number ratio. • i.e. Na+1 Cl-1  Charge = (+1 + -1) = 0 • Ionic compounds do not have a charge which means they are NEUTRAL!

  6. Salts • Salts that are made of a simple cation and a simple anion are known as binary ionic compounds. • The adjective binary indicates that the compound is made up of just two elements. • i.e. sodium chloride is made of sodium and chlorine

  7. Ionic Compound Properties • Crystalline solids (made of ions) • High melting and boiling points • Due to the repulsive and attractive forces • Conduct electricity when dissolved • Many soluble in water but not in nonpolar liquid

  8. Chapter 5 Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds

  9. Naming Ionic Compounds • The name of a binary ionic compound is made up of just two words: the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion. • NaCl sodium chloride CuCl2copper(II) chloride • ZnSzinc sulfide Mg3N2 magnesium nitride • K2O potassium oxide Al2S3 aluminum sulfide

  10. More than two elements • Instead of having ions made of a single atom, many ionic compounds have groups of atoms that are ions. • A polyatomic ion is a charged group of two or more bonded atoms that can be considered a single ion.

  11. Naming Polyatomics • The endings -ite and -ate in the name for a polyatomic indicate the presence of oxygen and the number of oxygen atoms present.

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