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The Labour Reforms

The Labour Reforms. 1945-1951 – Part Two. Aims:. Examine the main reforms which tried to tackle ‘Ignorance’. Assess the effectiveness of these reforms. The Situation.

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The Labour Reforms

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  1. The Labour Reforms 1945-1951 – Part Two

  2. Aims: • Examine the main reforms which tried to tackle ‘Ignorance’. • Assess the effectiveness of these reforms.

  3. The Situation • The Labour Government had to implement the 1944 Education Act – free secondary education for all and raising the school leaving age to 15. • Main problem was the shortage and poor condition of school buildings – 20% had been destroyed or damaged during the war.

  4. What Was Achieved? • By 1950, nearly 1,200 new schools were built or under construction. This helped to cope with ‘baby boom’. • In secondary education, pupils were allocated an ‘appropriate’ school after an intelligence test. • In England, children sat the 11+ exam. In Scotland, children sat the ‘qualifying exam’ at the age of 12. • Those who scored the highest went to grammar schools where they sat ‘O’ grades and Highers. • Those who did not pass went to secondary modern or junior secondary where they did more practical subjects

  5. What Was Achieved? • Many claimed the Education Act was not fair. Few working-class children had the chance to go to an academic school. This affected the job opportunities they would have in the future. • The number of places at colleges and universities was increased – the government provided grants to help children from poorer backgrounds get a better education.

  6. Tasks • What changes were introduced by the 1944 Education Act? • How did the war cause further problems for schools? • Explain how the ‘baby boom’ created further pressure for more schools. • How many new schools did the Labour government build by 1950? • Describe the system that was introduced to make sure that children went to an ‘appropriate’ school. • What criticisms did people make of this selection process? • What else did the government do to try and give people from all backgrounds access to a better education.

  7. The Labour Reforms Idleness

  8. Aims: • Examine the main reforms which tried to tackle ‘Idleness’. • Assess the effectiveness of these reforms.

  9. What Was Achieved? • After the depression and high unemployment in the 1930s, the Labour government were determined to keep unemployment low. • After the war shortages and rationing of food continued as the country tried to get back on its feet. • The Labour government believed they could keep unemployment low if they nationalised certain industries. • This means the government would run certain industries and any profits would be used for the benefit of the people

  10. 1946 Bank of England Civil Aviation 1947 National Coal Board 20% of Industry Was Owned By the Government 1948 Railways Electricity 1949 Gas 1950 Iron and Steel

  11. How Successful? • Unemployment remained at a low rate of 2.5%. • Nationalisation was costly – some industries e.g. coal and transport needed to be modernised and this cost the government money. • It was difficult to improve some industries and provide a better service for the public.

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