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Homeostasis

Homeostasis. By: Sarah Berger and Shay Dite. What is Homeostasis?. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable environment. It prevents us from getting sick all the time. It keeps us warm in cold temperature. It maintains species.

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Homeostasis

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  1. Homeostasis By: Sarah Berger and Shay Dite

  2. What is Homeostasis? • Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable environment. • It prevents us from getting sick all the time. • It keeps us warm in cold temperature. • It maintains species. • Homeostasis is necessary in the smallest single cell organisms, to the biggest whale.

  3. Why is Homeostasis Important? • Without it, waste wouldn’t be removed, • Nutrients wouldn’t be delivered, • Oxygen wouldn’t be received, • Our temperature would be abnormal, • pH levels wouldn’t regulate. • Without homeostasis, nothing would live.

  4. Cellular Homeostasis • Cells maintain homeostasis. • Cellular homeostasis means that everything in the cell is working properly. • The cell membrane is the main aspect to this conjecture. • A membrane keeps the organelles safe and separate from the external world. • The stuff inside a cell is much different from the things outside the cell. • If a cell intakes something it shouldn’t it could very well die.

  5. Cellular Homeostasis (Cont.) • Sometimes cells have an unnecessary particle or molecule in them. • Sometimes there is a molecule they need right outside the membrane. • That is why cells use diffusion. It gets rid of the unwanted particles and intakes the wanted ones.

  6. Cellular Homeostasis (Cont.) • Occasionally cells have too much water in them, if that occurs in excess, the cell can rupture and die. • Sometimes cells don’t have enough water. • That is why the use osmosis –the passing of water through a membrane. • Osmosis and diffusion regulate the amount of substances in a cell.

  7. Hierarchy of Organization • The smallest thing able to function on its own is a cell, then: • Tissue • Organ • System • Organism

  8. Working Together • Cells work together to form tissues, which work together to form organs, to form systems, which work together to help maintain homeostasis in an organism. • Everything needs to work together and communicate in order to make life.

  9. How Homeostasis Works: • There are receptors all over living things. • Receptors monitor the condition of our beings. They detect if we are cold or if we are getting too much light into our eyes. • Receptors can be our five senses, sight, taste, hearing, touch, and smell, or they can be internal sensory organs.

  10. How it Works: • The receptors give the information to the control center. • The control center can be the brain or the nucleus. • It then tells the body what to do in response to the information received.

  11. How it Works (Cont.): • The control center gives the effectors directions. • The effectors are the multiple organ systems we have. • The effectors then execute the order, in hopes of fixing the issue.

  12. Additional Terms • Feedforward: term for what happens while waiting for a change. • Feedback: the actions made when a change has been discovered. • Negative Feedback loop: A way of communication to maintain homeostasis –receptors to the control center to the effectors. • A negative feedback loop is basically what homeostasis is.

  13. Negative Feedback Loop • Without this process, homeostasis wouldn’t be existent. • An example is of heating a house: • The thermometer (receptor) detects that the house is cold. • It gives that information to the thermostat which tells the furnace to turn on.

  14. Negative Feedback Loop • Here is an example in animals: • A person walks from a dark room to a light-filled room. • The eye is in taking too much light (reception). • The brain tells the pupils to shrink. • The pupils shrink, letting the correct amount of light into the eyes.

  15. Negative Feedback Loop

  16. Positive Feedback • In addition to negative feedback, it can be positive. • Positive feedback is when something doesn’t make a loop, but enhances the change. • When a baby is being born, the uterus is stretched. Instead of putting it back to its regular form, a positive feedback loop makes the uterus stretch farther.

  17. Positive Feedback Loop

  18. Homeostasis • Homeostasis can be disrupted by: • A change in temperature • Internally and in the environment • Lack of Oxygen • Pathogens • Toxins • Change in blood pressure • Physical and psychological distresses

  19. Homeostatic Controls • There are two control systems for homeostasis. • They are intrinsic and extrinsic. • Intrinsic are the controls inside an organ. • Extrinsic are the controls outside an organ.

  20. Body Systems • All the body systems work together to maintain homeostasis. • Some have more importance in maintaining things though. • The nervous system is probably the most important closely followed by the endocrine system.

  21. The Nervous System • The nervous system controls the actions of the other systems. • It also detects changes in the body.

  22. The Endocrine System • It secretes hormones which regulate many changes within the body.

  23. Muscular System • The muscular system helps the body to move which can affect the heat. • It also helps maintain the structure of the organism.

  24. Skeletal System • It maintains the body’s structure. • Muscles attach to it. • The bones store many minerals and are full of blood vessels.

  25. Integumentary System • This system, the skin system acts like a cell membrane. It keeps unwanted things out and water in.

  26. Respiratory System • This system gets oxygen to everything that needs it. • It also removes carbon dioxide from the body.

  27. Digestive System • The digestive system intakes and absorbs nutrients for the whole body. • It gets rid of the unwanted waste.

  28. Circulatory System • This system transports many things such as: • Oxygen • Carbon Dioxide • Nutrients • Hormones • Waste

  29. Excretory System • This system regulates the volume of liquids in the body. • Removes the waste from blood.

  30. Reproductive System • The reproductive system maintains species. • If we couldn’t reproduce, species would die out and there would be no life.

  31. Homeostasis • All the systems work together and do their own share in maintaining homeostasis. • It is probably one of the most complicated things in the entire world. • Somehow, mother nature, natural selection and evolution created the perfect balance of things. • Something no human or single cell could do consciously. It is just another world wonder.

  32. Works Cited • BSCS Biology A Human Approach. Kendall Hunt Pub, 2007. Print. • Farabee, M. J. "ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEMS." Estrella Mountain Community College. 18 May 2010. Web. 06 Dec. 2010. <http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookANIMORGSYS.html>. • "HomeostasisTutorial." Oklahoma City Community College. Web. 06 Dec. 2010. <http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Documents/Homeostasis/homeostasis_tutorial.htm>.

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