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Software: Systems and Application Software. Chapter 4. Principles and Learning Objectives.
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Software: Systems and Application Software Chapter 4 Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives • When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware. • Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software. • Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of several popular operating systems. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives • Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage. • Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives. • Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives • Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff. • Outline the evolution of programming languages. • The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life. • Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
An Overview of Software • Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer • Documentation - describes program functions • Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs • Applications software - helps users solve particular problems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Importance of Software in Business Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Operating Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Operating Systems • Perform common hardware functions • Provide a user interface • Provide hardware independence • Manage system memory • Manage processing • Control access to system resources • Manage files Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Role of the Operating System Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Common Hardware Functions • Accept keyboard input • Store data on disks • Send data to output devices Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
User Interface • Command-based interfaces • Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Hardware Independence Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Memory Management Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Processing Tasks • Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor • Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor • Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Access to System Resources • Protection against unauthorized access • Logins and passwords Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal Computer Operating Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal Computer Operating Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Workgroup Operating Systems • Netware • Windows NT Server 4.0 • Windows 2000 Server • Unix • Red Hat Linux • Mac OS X Server Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Enterprise Operating Systems • IBM’s OS/390 • HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with integrated POSIX) • IBM’s z/OS • Linux Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Consumer Appliance Operating Systems • Windows CE.NET • Mobil Linux • Windows XP Embedded • Handheld PC • Pocket PC • Palm OS Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Nokia 7650 Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Utility Programs Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Types and Functions of Applications Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Sources of Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal and Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal and Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
TurboTax Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Quicken Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Word Processing Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Spreadsheet Analysis Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Applications Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Graphics Programs Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
On-Line Information Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Software Suite Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Major Components of Leading Software Suites Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Workgroup Application Software • Groupware • Collaborative computing software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Group Scheduling Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Examples of Enterprise Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Enterprise Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Programming Languages • Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax • Different languages have different characteristics Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Programming Languages Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
First-Generation Languages • Machine language • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Second-Generation Languages • Assembly languages • Assemblers • Symbolic language Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Third-Generation Languages Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Fourth-Generation Languages • 4GLs • Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not how to get them • Examples: SQL, SAS Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Fifth-Generation Languages • 5GLs • Uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language • Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C++ Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition