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Genomics

Genomics. Chapter 18. So what is Genomics?. Genetic Maps vs Physical Maps. Generation of Physical Maps. Restriction Maps Chromosome-banding patterns Radiation Hybrid maps. STS. Only occur once in the genome Can be used to make physical maps. Whole Genome Sequencing.

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Genomics

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  1. Genomics Chapter 18

  2. So what is Genomics? • Genetic Maps vs Physical Maps

  3. Generation of Physical Maps • Restriction Maps • Chromosome-banding patterns • Radiation Hybrid maps

  4. STS • Only occur once in the genome • Can be used to make physical maps

  5. Whole Genome Sequencing • Needs to be able to sequence larger molecular clones….how can they do this? • Clone-by-clone vs shotgun

  6. Human Genome Project • “Completed” in 2000….with 341 gaps still present in 2004 • Found only around 25,000 genes • How do we compare to fruit flies…what about rice?

  7. The BLAST algorithm • Bioinformatics

  8. Protein-encoding DNA in Eukaryotes • Single-copy genes • Segmental Duplications • Multigene Families • Tandem Clusters

  9. Non-coding DNA in eukaryotes

  10. So How can we tell what is actually expressed? • Expressed Sequence Tags

  11. So are we all the same? • SNP’s • Linkage disequilibrium • halotypes

  12. Comparative Genomics and Proteomics • Look at similarities and differences between species based on genomes • Synteny • Functional Genomics • DNA Microarrays

  13. DNA Microarrays • Gives the ability to observe and manipulate genes to see which ones are functional where

  14. Tansgenics • Can be used to determine if two genes from different species have similar functions in other species

  15. Applications of Genomics • Identify Infectious Diseases • Help Improve Crops

  16. Ethical Issues of Genomics??? • Think Gataca

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