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Unraveling Genomics: From Mapping to Sequencing and Beyond

Explore the world of genomics with discussions on genetic and physical maps, whole genome sequencing techniques, the Human Genome Project, the BLAST algorithm, comparative genomics, DNA microarrays, transgenics, and ethical considerations in genomics research.

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Unraveling Genomics: From Mapping to Sequencing and Beyond

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  1. Genomics Chapter 18

  2. So what is Genomics? • Genetic Maps vs Physical Maps

  3. Generation of Physical Maps • Restriction Maps • Chromosome-banding patterns • Radiation Hybrid maps

  4. STS • Only occur once in the genome • Can be used to make physical maps

  5. Whole Genome Sequencing • Needs to be able to sequence larger molecular clones….how can they do this? • Clone-by-clone vs shotgun

  6. Human Genome Project • “Completed” in 2000….with 341 gaps still present in 2004 • Found only around 25,000 genes • How do we compare to fruit flies…what about rice?

  7. The BLAST algorithm • Bioinformatics

  8. Protein-encoding DNA in Eukaryotes • Single-copy genes • Segmental Duplications • Multigene Families • Tandem Clusters

  9. Non-coding DNA in eukaryotes

  10. So How can we tell what is actually expressed? • Expressed Sequence Tags

  11. So are we all the same? • SNP’s • Linkage disequilibrium • halotypes

  12. Comparative Genomics and Proteomics • Look at similarities and differences between species based on genomes • Synteny • Functional Genomics • DNA Microarrays

  13. DNA Microarrays • Gives the ability to observe and manipulate genes to see which ones are functional where

  14. Tansgenics • Can be used to determine if two genes from different species have similar functions in other species

  15. Applications of Genomics • Identify Infectious Diseases • Help Improve Crops

  16. Ethical Issues of Genomics??? • Think Gataca

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