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Aflatoxins in South Africa

Aflatoxins in South Africa. B.C. Flett , E Ncube , B Janse van Rensburg and S. Phokane Agricultural Research Council – Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Introduction. Legal limit in SA is 5ppm for human consumption. Only mycotoxin on crops that are regulated by law.

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Aflatoxins in South Africa

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  1. Aflatoxins in South Africa B.C. Flett, E Ncube, B Janse van Rensburg and S. Phokane Agricultural Research Council – Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

  2. Introduction • Legal limit in SA is 5ppm for human consumption. • Only mycotoxin on crops that are regulated by law. • Grain sorghum, maize and groundnuts are possible aflatoxin contaminated crops. • Known problem on groundnuts in South Africa but very seasonal. • Recently done a number of surveys looking at wide range of mycotoxins in SA.

  3. Recent aflatoxin surveys in South Africa • Survey on maize and groundnuts produced by subsistence farmers during the 2005/06 and 2006/07 seasons. • Follow-up study currently underway - northern KZN - highest levels of aflatoxin in maize and groundnut in previous survey. • Survey of commercial sorghum and maize during 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10 seasons.

  4. Other aflatoxin research in South Africa • Resistance breeding – groundnuts and maize. • Role of storage practices on aflatoxins in subsistence and commercial farming systems. • Studies on the use of Aflaguard (Syngenta) on groundnuts. • Possible nematode x Aspergillus spp. interactions on groundnuts. • Screening potential cultivars for NKZN.

  5. Aflatoxins in maize

  6. Aflatoxins in Groundnut

  7. Aflatoxin in sorghum cultivars from different localities and seasons in South Africa.

  8. Aflatoxins on commercial maize production systems. • No aflatoxins detected. • Commercial maize produced primarily on the Highveld – temperate climates. • Never been regarded as a threat to commercial maize production. • Limited research has been done on maize aflatoxin control until recently.

  9. Results of other research. • Variation in resistance in genetic sources of both maize lines and groundnut genotypes. • Storage research is still underway. • Aflaguard did not reduce aflatoxin levels on groundnuts in SA. • Nematode x aflatoxin studies are still underway. • Cultivar screenings underway.

  10. Conclusions • Aflatoxins are only regarded a potential problem on maize in the subtropical subsistence farming areas. • Aflatoxins are not a problem on commercially produced maize and sorghum. • Aflatoxins are a major problem in groundnut production throughout SA.

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