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Internet Programming Group

Internet Programming Group. Presenter: Aren Ray Topics: Internet Programming XML. History of the World Wide Web. 1990: Sir Tim Berners-Lee – CERN Sharing information among researchers World Wide Web Conference in 1994 W3C Commercialization Boom/Bust Where are we now?. HTTP.

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Internet Programming Group

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  1. Internet Programming Group Presenter: Aren Ray Topics: Internet Programming XML

  2. History of the World Wide Web • 1990: Sir Tim Berners-Lee – CERN • Sharing information among researchers • World Wide Web Conference in 1994 • W3C • Commercialization • Boom/Bust • Where are we now?

  3. HTTP • Hypertext Transfer Protocol • Purpose • How it works • Client (user) • Request messages and URLs scheme://name:pass@addr.com:8042/subdir/file.ext;para=meter? query=item#fragment Other common schemes: https, ftp, mailto • Server (website) • Process and/or reply

  4. History of Browser Clients • 1991: WorldWideWeb • 1992: Unix and Mac browsers appear • 1993: Mosaic • 1994: Netscape 1.0 • 1995: IE 1.0 introduced in Win 95

  5. “Browser Wars” • Netscape dominant, IE challenges • Rapid-fire versions • IE pulls ahead • Included with Windows (then Macs) • More money • 1998: Antitrust Lawsuit (US v Microsoft) • Settled in 2001

  6. Markup Languages • Standard Generalized Markup Language • Metalanguage • Hypertext Markup Language

  7. HTML - Elements • Types • Structural: <h1> • Presentational <b>, <i>, <u> • Hypertext: • Attribute: <font color=“green”> • Content: <b>Bold Text</b>

  8. HTML Versions • 1993: HTML 1.0 • 1995: HTML 2.0 • Tables • Image Maps • Internationalization • HTML 3.0 (Never Implemented) • Complex Math Elements • Text Flow • 1997: HTML 4.0 • “Flavors” • Strict • Transitional • Frameset

  9. HTML – Code Example <html> <head> <title>This is the title of the page.</title> </head> <body> <p>This is a line of text.</p> <p><a href=“http://www.google.com”>This is a URL link</a></p> <p><b>Bold Text</b></p> <ul> <li>List Item 1</li> <li>List Item 2</li> </ul> <table border="1"> <td>Cell 1</td> <td>Cell 2</td> </table> </body> </html>

  10. HTML – Display Example

  11. XML - Overview • What is XML? • Extensible Markup “Language” • Specification • User-defined Elements • History • Growth of the Web • 1996: Jon Bosak • Support from Microsoft • 1998: W3C Recommendation • Current: XML 1.0 & 1.1

  12. XML – Purpose • Carry vs. Display • XML and HTML • Doesn’t “do” anything

  13. XML – Processing Files • Simple API for XML • Extraction • Document Object Model • Navigation • Extensible Stylesheet Language • Display/Printing

  14. XML – Documents • Well-Formed Documents • Syntax rules <NamE attribute="value">Content</NamE> <parent> <nestedChild>More content</nestedChild> </parent> <empty /> • Valid Documents (User-defined rules) • Document Type Definition • XML Schema • W3C

  15. XML – Example (1) • Code <bookstore> <book category="COOKING"> <title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title> <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author> <year>2005</year> <price>30.00</price> </book> </bookstore>

  16. XML – Example (2) http://www.w3schools.com/xml/nodetree.gif

  17. XHTML Document • HTML saved in Microsoft Word <html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> …

  18. XHTML Page MS Office HTML file size: 2687 B Notepad HTML file size: 115 B

  19. XML - Summary • Generalization • User-Defined Elements & Rules • Stores Data • Advantages • Text-Based • Unicode Support • Hierarchical Structure • Disadvantages • Content <-> Attributes • Verbosity • Redundancy/Inefficiency

  20. XML – Future Directions • Document Authoring

  21. Sources • http://www.w3schools.com/xml/default.asp • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML • http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-xml2008prevw.html • http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html

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