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Aesthetics

Aesthetics. Part two: Defining & judging art. Defining & judging art. Defining Art Objective Approaches Why Defining Art Matters Judging Art Objective Approaches Why assessing Art Matters. The arts & fine arts. Sean Le Rond D’Alenbert Part One Reflective Knowledge

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Aesthetics

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  1. Aesthetics Part two: Defining & judging art

  2. Defining & judging art • Defining Art • Objective • Approaches • Why Defining Art Matters • Judging Art • Objective • Approaches • Why assessing Art Matters

  3. The arts & fine arts • Sean Le RondD’Alenbert • Part One • Reflective Knowledge • Direct Ideas & Imitations • Painting, Sculpture & Architecture • Poetry • Music

  4. The arts & fine arts • Arts • Differentiation of the principal parts of knowledge. • Liberal & Mechanical Arts • Liberal Arts • Knowledge • Knowledge • First Sort of Feeling • Second Sort of Feeling

  5. The paradox of taste • David Hume • Language • Variety of taste • Language: art & science • Morality & Language • Example: Homer • Example: Koran • Precepts of ethics

  6. The paradox of taste • Standard of Taste • Standard of taste • Argument for the impossibility of a standard of taste. • The nature of beauty • The axiom • Opposition to Axiom

  7. The paradox of taste • Rules & Criticism • Rules of composition a posteriori not a priori • Rules of art • Faults • Testing the Rules of Art • Endurance & Foreign appeal as measures of influence

  8. The paradox of taste • Principles • General principle • Explanation of failures to please/displease • Delicacy from Don Quixote • Qualities in objects & delicacy of taste • Critics

  9. The paradox of taste • Ascertaining Delicacy of Taste • Intro • Practice • Multiple Perusals • Comparisons • Prejudice • Purpose • Reason

  10. The paradox of taste • Critics • Principles of taste • The True Standard • Problem • Aesthetics vs. the Sciences • Distinguishing people of taste • Time

  11. The paradox of taste • Factors • Two sources of variation • The general principles of taste are uniform in human nature • Age & qualities • Relativity • Age & Country • Ancient & modern learning • Morality & aesthetics • Moral principles • Religion

  12. What is Art? • Leo Tolstoy • Defining Beauty • Two definitions of beauty • No objective definition • Taste • Criticism of attempts to define taste • Criticism of existing aesthetics • Criticism of existing aesthetic standards

  13. What is Art? • Art, Pleasure & Beauty • Defining human activity • Pleasure & beauty • Food analogy • Food analogy continued: the problem of taking beauty to be the aim of art • Problem with existing aesthetics: it is based on a conception of beauty

  14. What is Art? • Union & The Activity of Art • Defining Art: words analogy • What is not art • Art & feeling • The feelings • All the following is art • Art

  15. What is Art? • What Art is Not • Definition of art & the activity of art • Art is not • Art is • Analogy to words • Importance of art • The scope of art

  16. What is Art? • Art & Counterfeit Art • Banishing & over acceptance • Distinguishing art from counterfeit art • The feeling & real art • Infection & art • Degree of infectiousness • Sincerity • Distinguishing art from counterfeit art

  17. What is Art? • Defining Good & Bad Art in Regards to Content • Objectives • Analogy to speech & quality of art • Art & religious perception • River analogy • Religious perception & value • Attack argument for religious perception • Progress argument for religious perception • Christian Art • Two kinds of Christian art

  18. What is Art? • Assessment of Specific Works • Examples of the highest art flowing from love of God and Man • Examples of good universal art • Details • Novels • Music • Painting & Sculpture • Universal Pictures & Statues • Bad Painting

  19. What is Art? • Bad music & judging Beethoven • Judging

  20. Oscar Wilde • Background • Life • Poetry • Plays • Prose

  21. The new aesthetics • Part One • Vivian: Life imitates art • Cyril’s challenge: prove that nature imitates art • Looking & seeing • Nature’s imitation of art • What art expresses • Cyril: temper, spirit, moral & social conditions • Vivian: nothing but itself

  22. The new aesthetics • Imitative Art • Vivian: more imitative, less representative of spirit • Cyril: Imitative represents the visible aspects • Vivian: disagreement, example of the middle ages • Vivian: example of Japan • Vivian: example of Ancient Greeks

  23. The new aesthetics • Doctrines of the New Aesthetics • Art never expresses anything but itself. • All bad art comes from returning to life & natureand elevating them as ideals. • Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates life. • Lying, the telling of beautiful untrue things, is the proper aim of art.

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