700 likes | 2.26k Views
FUNGICIDES. FUNGICIDES. Fungicides kill or inhibit fungi Inhibit growth and reproduction Fungistatic Not all fungicides are curative Some only preventative. CONTACT FUNGICIDES. Active on leaf surface Inhibit fungal growth Control for 7 to 14 days Rapidly degrade
E N D
FUNGICIDES Fungicides kill or inhibit fungi • Inhibit growth and reproduction • Fungistatic • Not all fungicides are curative • Some only preventative
CONTACT FUNGICIDES • Active on leaf surface • Inhibit fungal growth • Control for 7 to 14 days • Rapidly degrade • Light, MO, and exposure
CONTACT FUNGICIDES • Was most common fungicides • Re-registration cost • Less expensive • Broad range of control • Less resistance • Multiple MOA • Leaf spot diseases
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES • Enter plant tissue • Provide longer protection than contacts at lower rates • As long as 21 to 28 days
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES Types of Penetrants • Localized, little or no movement in the plant • Translaminar moves across leaf blade • Mesostemic moves into cuticle and epidermis
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES Types of Penetrants • Acropetal, upward translocation • Majority of penetrants are acropetal
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES Types of Penetrants • Systemic, true systemic up and downward movement • Fosetyl-al (common name)
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE • Selection of tolerant fungi by using the same class of chemical • Same mode of action (MOA) • Fungal pathogens that produce more spores more susceptible to developing resistance • Botrytis, powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust • Rotate fungicide classes • http://www.frac.info codes
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE • Contact prevent fungal growth by interrupting >2 growth processes • Penetrants often interrupt only 1 process
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE Humans (Disease) • Alien (Contact fungicide) • 3 MOA • Spit acid • Tail spear • Mouth #2 • If humans thick acid-resistant skin, Alien just stabs them with tail or mouth #2 • Resistance averted
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE Humans (Disease) • Alien Jr. (Systemic fungicide) • 1 MOA • Suffocation • If humans develop ability to breathe out ears, Alien Jr. no longer works • Humans resistant
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE Avoiding resistance • Rotate chemical classes • Tank mix contacts and penetrants • Increases MOA and control spectrum
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Benzimidazoles • Thiophanate-methyl very popular
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Dicarboximides • Iprodione • Good on flower blight
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Sterol Inhibitors • Myclobutanil • Fenarimol (documented disease resistance)
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Strobilurins • Synthesized version of antifungal substance produced by fungus • Strobilurus tenacellus • Feeds on organic matter • Inhibits competitive MO • Very low toxicity • EPA calls reduced risk
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CLASSES Strobilurins • Single target site • Resistance risk • Azoxystrobin (Heritage) • Wide range of control • Long residual
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CLASSES Strobilurins • Trifloxystrogin (Compass) • Can travel 2” through air as vapor to other leaves
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Oomycete Products • Oomycetes are not true fungi • Phytophthora • Phythium • Downy mildew • Root rot fungicides • Fosetyl-al (Aliette) • Only true systemic
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Broad Spectrum Protectants • Contact fungicides • Rare resistant problems • Chlorothalonil very popular • Mancozeb
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Biological • Antagonistic rather than fungicidal • Protective • Rootshield (Trichoderma fungus) • Root disease • Companion (Bacillus bacteria) • Root and foliar disease
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Inorganic • Bordeaux mixture • Copper sulfate and lime • Copper controls bacterial disease
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Natural • Neem oil • Foliar disease (contact) • Various other functions • Insecticide • Toothpaste • Etc.
Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES Biological • Injection-based systems • Eco Soil Systems • Bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) • BioTrek injection • Fungus (Trichoderma)