1 / 58

Paleoptera: Ephemeroptera and Odonata

Paleoptera: Ephemeroptera and Odonata. III. Insect Classification. Entognatha. Poly-phyletic. Ectognatha. Pterygota. Neoptera. Endopterygota (complete metamorphosis). Paleoptera Ephemeroptera : Mayflies A. Morphology

emile
Download Presentation

Paleoptera: Ephemeroptera and Odonata

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Paleoptera: Ephemeroptera and Odonata

  2. III. Insect Classification Entognatha Poly-phyletic Ectognatha Pterygota Neoptera Endopterygota (complete metamorphosis)

  3. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • - Most have two pairs of wings, with the hind wings greatly reduced in size in some groups (even absent). The wings are held upright; and the wings have many veins.

  4. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • - The abdomen has 10 segments and is fairly long, with 2 caudal filaments (the cerci) or 3 (like larvae).

  5. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • - The forelegs are often long, as well; particularly in the male where they can be as long as the body. In some families, pairs of legs may be vestigial.

  6. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - aquatic larvae – feed on algae and detritus • - larvae have leaf-like gills on abdominal segments

  7. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - aquatic larvae – feed on algae and detritus • - larvae have leaf-like gills on abdominal segments • - larvae usually with three caudal appendages

  8. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - aquatic larvae – feed on algae and detritus • - larvae have leaf-like gills on abdominal segments • - larvae usually with three caudal appendages • - larvae may take 1-2 years to develop, usually longer at higher latitudes

  9. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - molting occurs on surface of the water • - subabult (subimago) flies to shoreline Subadult has hairs along wing margins

  10. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - molting occurs on surface of the water • - subabult (subimago) flies to shoreline • - mayflies are UNIQUE in that they are the only insects to molt once as winged adults; this usually occurs the next day, and it lives as a reproductive adult for 1-2 days at most.

  11. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - molting occurs on surface of the water • - subabult (subimago) flies to shoreline • - mayflies are UNIQUE in that they are the only insects to molt once as winged adults; this usually occurs the next day, and it lives as a reproductive adult for 1-2 days at most. • - adults lack mouthparts and do not feed

  12. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - males of many species form swarms; females enter and pairs fly off; mating in flight with oviposition shortly thereafter

  13. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - males of many species form swarms; females enter and pairs fly off; mating in flight with oviposition shortly thereafter • - swarms off the great lakes (Erie in particular were HUGE, but lake pollution has reduced their abundances) … bodies piled up to 1.2 m Illinois (1953) swarms

  14. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - eggs laid on surface of water

  15. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - Eaten by fish and terrestrial animals; important link in aquatic food chains

  16. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - Eaten by fish and terrestrial animals; important link in aquatic food chains • - sensitive to pollutants (soft bodies?) – many are indicator taxa of clean water • (EPT score = abundance and diversity of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera)

  17. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • C. Major Families

  18. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • C. Major Families • 1. Baetidae (135 species): • adults small (front wings 2-12 mm and elongate-oval) • hind wings very small or absent, and the only family with small hind wings and only 2 caudal filaments. Eyes turbinate

  19. Baetidae

  20. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • C. Major Families • 1. Baetidae: • 2. Ephemerellidae • 3. Heptageniidae (127): • sprawling nymphs; flattened • adults with 2 caudal filaments

  21. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • C. Major Families • 1. Baetidae: • 2. Ephemerellidae • 3. Heptageniidae • 4. Leptophlebiidae (66): • 3 caudal filaments • Wing (4-14mm) have strongly bent Cu-P vein and no free veinlets • Forked gills on larval abdomen

  22. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • C. Major Families • 1. Baetidae: • 2. Ephemerellidae • 3. Heptageniidae • 4. Leptophlebiidae • 5. Ephemeridae (13) • medium to large (wings 10-25mm); larvae tusked

  23. Hexagenia limbata 2006 hatch on radar

  24. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • All are fairly large and have 4 wings; in damselflies the wings are held over the back at rest, in dragonflies to the side.

  25. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • Small antennae, large eyes

  26. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • Prothorax small; thoracic segments tipped forward for grasping prey in flight

  27. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • Abdomen long; male cerci short and modified to grasp females behind pronotum.

  28. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - Larvae predaceous; have jointed, ‘elbowed’ mentum

  29. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - Larvae predaceous; have jointed, ‘elbowed’ mentum • - External Gills in Zygoptera (Damsels), Anal Gills in Anisoptera (dragons)

  30. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - Larvae predaceous; have jointed, ‘elbowed’ mentum • - External Gills in Zygoptera (Damsels), Anal Gills in Anisoptera (dragons) • - may live as larvae for 1 year, 2 years, or 10 years depending on species and latitude.

  31. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - Larvae emerge from water; adults emerge from larval skin video

  32. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • - Larvae emerge from water; adults emerge from larval skin • - “teneral” until wings harden

  33. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • Males have two sets of sex organs – one at end make sperm, that is transferred to the penis at front of abdomen

  34. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • males grasp females behind prothorax – “in tandem”

  35. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • female reaches up and under, contacting her genitalia with penis of male – “in wheel”

  36. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • female stores sperm in ‘spermatheca’ – last sperm in is used, so selection has favored mate guarding by males, who guard females until she lays her eggs; sometimes staying in tandem.

  37. Paleoptera • Ephemeroptera: Mayflies • Odonata: Dragonflies • A. Morphology • B. Basic Biology • C. Classification • Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies • 1. Calopterygidae (8): • Larvae with long antennae and long legs; • Adults are largest damsels, and most have darkening in wing

  38. C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies 1. Calopterygidae 2. Lestidae (18): Spreadwings - Larvae with very narrow labium - adults with hanging wings

  39. C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies 1. Calopterygidae 2. Lestidae 3. Coenagrionidae (93): Pond Damsels All the Rest!

  40. C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies Suborder Anisoptera: Dragonflies 1. Aeshnidae (38): Darners Large; eyes meet along dorsal seam; triangles same

More Related