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优耐铜材

Stress and its Effect on the Quality of Nickel Electrodeposited from a Sulfamate Solution 　　　　　　　应力及其对氨镍体系镀层质量的影响. Kent Dickie. Vice President of Global Marketing. MS in Chemistry. 优耐铜材. Angola, Indiana U.S.A. Suzhou New District, P.R.C. What is stress? 何为应力. Compressive stress 压应力

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优耐铜材

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  1. Stress and its Effect on the Quality of Nickel Electrodeposited from a Sulfamate Solution　　　　　　　应力及其对氨镍体系镀层质量的影响 Kent Dickie Vice President of Global Marketing MS in Chemistry 优耐铜材 Angola, Indiana U.S.A. Suzhou New District, P.R.C.

  2. What is stress? 何为应力 • Compressive stress 压应力 • Tensile stress 张应力

  3. How to measure stress?怎么检测应力 • SpiralContractometer 螺旋收缩仪 • Rigid Strip 刚性测试仪 • Bent Strip 弯曲测试仪

  4. The effect of high stress levels on deposits 高应力对镀层的影响 • Corrosion failure 腐蚀性失败 • Adhesion failures 结合力失败 • Deformation 弯曲变形

  5. Stress measurements for deposits from new Nickel Sulfamate solutions (Unit:N/mm2)

  6. What are the causes of high stress?引起高应力的原因 • Impurities 杂质 • Bath components 槽液组分 • Operating variables 操作变量

  7. Impurities 杂质 Limiting Concentrations of Impurities in a Nickel Sulfamate Plating Bath* 1) Chromium 2) Copper 3) Zinc 4) Iron 5) Lead 6) Ammonia 7) Sulfate

  8. Bath components 槽液组分 • Nickel sulfamate 氨基磺酸镍 • Nickel chloride or bromide 氯化镍或溴化镍 • Boric acid 硼酸 • Sulfamic acid 氨基磺酸 • Nickel anodes 镍阳极

  9. Operating conditions for measuring stress using bent test strip method • Ni 镍: 75 g/l • Boric acid 硼酸: 35g/l • Nickel chloride 氯化镍:15g/l • Temperature 温度: 50℃ • Cathodic current density 阴极电流密度: 2.5ASD • pH: 4.0

  10. Plating solutions made up using various sources of Nickel sulfamate

  11. Operating variables 操作变量 • Current density 电流密度 • pH值 • Temperature　温度

  12. How to maintain a plating solution that produces low stress deposits • Use high quality chemicals 使用高品质的化学品 • Practice good house keeping 良好的清洁习惯 • Solution purification 溶液的净化 • Dummy plating 假镀 • High pH treatment 高pH值处理 • Bath dilution or replacement　槽液稀释或更新

  13. Summary　总结 • Low internal stress is one of the major benefits of plating nickel from a nickel sulfamate solution.低内应力是氨基磺酸镍体系镀镍主要的好处之一． • Many impurities increase the deposit stress, it’s important to keep the plating solution as pure as possible, this can be done through the use of high quality materials and purification techniques.许多杂质会导致应力增加，通过使用高品质材料和净化技术尽可能地保持镀液很高的纯度，这点很重要． • Proper operating conditions will also help to control stress. Measurement of stress is an excellent means of monitoring a plating operation.正确的操作条件同样对控制应力也有帮助．应力的测量是一种极好的监视电镀操作的方法．

  14. Thankyou!　谢谢！

  15. How to measuring stress using our Bent Strip test equipment? Operating conditions Nickel: 75g/l Nickel chloride: 15g/l Boric acid: 35g/l Temperature: 50℃ Cathode current density: 2.5 asd pH: 4.0 PSI X 0.006896= N/mm2

  16. References • J.L. Marti, Plating, 53, 61 (1966) • S.A. Watson, “Nickel Sulfamate Solutions”, Nickel Development Institute, Toronto, Canada (1989) • G. Richardson and B. Stein, “Comparative Study of Three Internal Stress Measurement Methods” AESF Electroforming Symposium, October 1 – 3, 1997, San Diego, CA • N.V. Mandich and D.W. Baudrand, Plating & Surface Finishing, 89, 68 (September 2002)

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