Marine Fuel Cell Experiment: Harnessing Plankton Power for Sustainable Energy Generation

1. Objective 1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of science

2. Scientific Processes Biology and Integrated Physics and Chemistry • The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts field and laboratory investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate and ethical practices. The student is expected to: A) Demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations.

3. 1A Bio C 10-04 A science class is conducting an experiment that produces noxious fumes. Because of inadequate ventilation, some students begin to feel nauseated and dizzy. The first response should be to --- A neutralize the acid that is reacting to produce the noxious fumes B carry the reactants outside, away from other students C leave the room and go to an area with fresh air D spray the reaction with a fire extinguisher

4. 1A Bio C 10-04 A science class is conducting an experiment that produces noxious fumes. Because of inadequate ventilation, some students begin to feel nauseated and dizzy. The first response should be to --- A neutralize the acid that is reacting to produce the noxious fumes B carry the reactants outside, away from other students C leave the room and go to an area with fresh air D spray the reaction with a fire extinguisher

5. 31 January • Noxious fumes: Leave the room!

6. 1A Bio D 10-03 Laboratory equipment is cleaned and properly stored after use primarily so that --- • Chemical products can be measured and recorded as data • Time is saved in setting up the next experiment • Toxic materials can be kept in the laboratory • The possibility of contamination in the laboratory is minimized

7. Laboratory equipment is cleaned and properly stored after use primarily so that --- • Chemical products can be measured and recorded as data • Time is saved in setting up the next experiment • Toxic materials can be kept in the laboratory • The possibility of contamination in the laboratory is minimized

8. 7 February • Clean equipment to minimize contamination.

9. 1A Bio B 11/05 This picture indicates that the chemical represented is --- • pressurized • corrosive • flammable • toxic

10. 1A Bio B 11/05 This picture indicates that the chemical represented is --- • pressurized • corrosive • flammable • toxic

11. 8 February • Hand eaten away = corrosive chemical

12. 1A Bio C 11/04 The diagram shows an experimental setup. Which of these questions was this experiment designed to answer? • Does water boil when exposed to air? • Will fire turn a gas into a liquid? • Does air expand when heated? • Will heat turn a gas into a solid?

13. 1A Bio C 11/04 The diagram shows an experimental setup. Which of these questions was this experiment designed to answer? • Does water boil when exposed to air? • Will fire turn a gas into a liquid? • Does air expand when heated? (9 February) • Will heat turn a gas into a solid?

14. 1A Bio A 11/04 Reactions that produce toxic gases should be performed in a --- • Laboratory fume hood • Beaker with a watch glass on top • Well-ventilated area of the lab • Warm, airtight drying oven

15. 1A Bio A 11/04 Reactions that produce toxic gases should be performed in a --- • Laboratory fume hood • Beaker with a watch glass on top • Well-ventilated area of the lab • Warm, airtight drying oven

16. 10 February • Toxic gases? Use fume hood.

17. Powerful Plankton The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has created an experimental marine fuel cell that could produce enough electricity to power ocean-monitoring devices. This fuel cell runs on seawater and sediment, with the help of plankton. Some plankton on the surface of ocean sediments use dissolved oxygen to break down organic matter, releasing energy; this is an aerobic process. The plankton in the deeper sediments break down organic matter without using oxygen; this is an anaerobic process. These two processes create a difference in voltage between the surface of the sediment and the sediment farther down in the seabed, The voltage difference can be used to produce electricity – up to 5.0 x 10-2 watts of power. Energy supplied by this type of fuel cell can be obtained as long as there is organic matter in the sediment. 1A Bio A 10-04 Which safety precaution should be observed while analyzing sediment from a marine aquarium? • Wear rubber gloves • Use a fume hood • Avoid using glassware • Have a fire extinguisher nearby

18. Powerful Plankton The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has created an experimental marine fuel cell that could produce enough electricity to power ocean-monitoring devices. This fuel cell runs on seawater and sediment, with the help of plankton. Some plankton on the surface of ocean sediments use dissolved oxygen to break down organic matter, releasing energy; this is an aerobic process. The plankton in the deeper sediments break down organic matter without using oxygen; this is an anaerobic process. These two processes create a difference in voltage between the surface of the sediment and the sediment farther down in the seabed, The voltage difference can be used to produce electricity – up to 5.0 x 10-2 watts of power. Energy supplied by this type of fuel cell can be obtained as long as there is organic matter in the sediment. 1A Bio A 10-04 Which safety precaution should be observed while analyzing sediment from a marine aquarium? • Wear rubber gloves • Use a fume hood • Avoid using glassware • Have a fire extinguisher nearby

19. 11 February • Examining sediment? Wear gloves!

20. 1A Bio C 10-03 The reason for wafting or fanning a small amount of chemical vapors toward the nose as a means to detect odors in a test tube is to --- • Avoid experimental error from excessive loss of mass of reactants or products • Avoid splashing chemicals into the face of any person • Protect the respiratory tract against potentially harmful vapors • Determine the relative strength of the odor before smelling directly

21. 1A Bio C 10-03 The reason for wafting or fanning a small amount of chemical vapors toward the nose as a means to detect odors in a test tube is to --- • Avoid experimental error from excessive loss of mass of reactants or products • Avoid splashing chemicals into the face of any person • Protect the respiratory tract against potentially harmful vapors • Determine the relative strength of the odor before smelling directly

22. 14 February • Waft vapors to protect respiratory system.

23. 1A Bio D 10-04 An activity is designed that allows a student to observe the temperature changes in a cup of water. A piece of metal taken from a beaker of boiling water is placed in a cup containing water at room temperature. A glass alcohol thermometer is used to measure temperature changes. A safety checklist for this activity should include the presence of a proper fire extinguisher and all of the following items except a --- • Fire blanket • Receptacle for broken glass • Laboratory apron • Squeeze bottle

24. 1A Bio D 10-04 An activity is designed that allows a student to observe the temperature changes in a cup of water. A piece of metal taken from a beaker of boiling water is placed in a cup containing water at room temperature. A glass alcohol thermometer is used to measure temperature changes. A safety checklist for this activity should include the presence of a proper fire extinguisher and all of the following items except a --- • Fire blanket • Receptacle for broken glass • Laboratory apron • Squeeze bottle

25. 15 February • Don’t need squeeze bottle.

26. 1A Bio C 10/06 In which part of this process should safety precautions be planned? • Q • R • S • T

27. 1A Bio C 10/06 In which part of this process should safety precautions be planned? • Q • R • S • T

28. 16 February • Plan safety while designing experiment.

29. Potential Hazards of Petroleum, Naphtha, Hexane, Toluene, and Acetone 1A Bio D 10/04 May cause eye, skin, nose, and throat irritation. Inhaling or swallowing vapors may be harmful or fatal. Known to cause birth defects. Vapor may ignite explosively. The ingredients described above are used to make a bonding agent. The most important safety precaution to take when applying this bonding agent is to --- • Dry it with a small flame • Work in a well-ventilated area • Cover the work area with newspaper • Wear a lab coat

30. Potential Hazards of Petroleum, Naphtha, Hexane, Toluene, and Acetone 1A Bio D 10/04 May cause eye, skin, nose, and throat irritation. Inhaling or swallowing vapors may be harmful or fatal. Known to cause birth defects. Vapor may ignite explosively. The ingredients described above are used to make a bonding agent. The most important safety precaution to take when applying this bonding agent is to --- • Dry it with a small flame • Work in a well-ventilated area • Cover the work area with newspaper • Wear a lab coat

31. 17 February • Keep lab well-ventilated.

32. 1A Bio B 11/05 • Examining Owl Pellets • Obtain owl pellet and place in a dissecting tray • Carefully break open the owl pellet with forceps and dissecting needle • Remove fur and feathers from the bones • Group the recovered bones into mammal and bird skeletons When performing this activity, students must remember to --- • Label the equipment used • Keep hands away from face and mouth • Sterilize the dissecting needle before use • Disinfect the fur and feathers removed from the pellet

33. 1A Bio B 11/05 • Examining Owl Pellets • Obtain owl pellet and place in a dissecting tray • Carefully break open the owl pellet with forceps and dissecting needle • Remove fur and feathers from the bones • Group the recovered bones into mammal and bird skeletons When performing this activity, students must remember to --- • Label the equipment used • Keep hands away from face and mouth • Sterilize the dissecting needle before use • Disinfect the fur and feathers removed from the pellet

34. 18 February • Keep nasty stuff away from your face.

35. 1A Bio A 11/05 The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a dissection lab. Working in groups of three, students make observations using a hand lens, forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a group have finished their observations. These two students may do all of the following except --- • remove their goggles • review their notes • wash their hands • assist their lab partner

36. 1A Bio A 11/05 The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a dissection lab. Working in groups of three, students make observations using a hand lens, forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a group have finished their observations. These two students may do all of the following except --- • remove their goggles • review their notes • wash their hands • assist their lab partner

37. 22 February • Keep protective gear on until ALL equipment is cleaned up.

38. 1A Bio A 11/06 The label shown above contains information about some harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of students is working at the same lab table. Which of the following lab procedures should the second group of students avoid? • Heating water with an open flame • Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker • Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution • Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube

39. 1A Bio A 11/06 The label shown above contains information about some harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of students is working at the same lab table. Which of the following lab procedures should the second group of students avoid? • Heating water with an open flame • Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker • Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution • Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube

40. 23 February • No open flames around volatile fumes!

41. 1A Bio C 11/04 Classification symbols for certain fire extinguishers are shown below. Which class of fire extinguisher should be used when a hot plate overheats and catches on fire? A C B D

42. 1A Bio C 11/04 Classification symbols for certain fire extinguishers are shown below. Which class of fire extinguisher should be used when a hot plate overheats and catches on fire? 24 February: C. Use the right equipment for the job. A C B D

43. 1A Bio D 11-04 All of these procedures must be followed when using the setup to the left except --- • Putting on safety goggles • Handling the beaker with tongs • Securing loose clothing • Wearing rubber gloves

44. 1A Bio D 11-04 All of these procedures must be followed when using the setup to the left except --- • Putting on safety goggles • Handling the beaker with tongs • Securing loose clothing • Wearing rubber gloves

45. 25 February • Rubber gloves aren’t heat resistant; use proper equipment.