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Scope. Parasitic infection is worldwideOutranks cancer as
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1. Antimicrobial Essential Oils Nicole Stevens
3. Menagerie There are over 1,000 species of parasites that can live in your body.
Doctors can only identify and test for 5% of these parasites.
Several parasites have emerged as significant causes of food borne and waterborne diseases.
30% of parasites live in our digestive system;
70% live throughout the body including the blood, brain, eyes and sinus.
4. Asymptomatic Not all parasites produce acute illness—many cause subtler chronic symptoms
Flu-like symptoms
Allergies
Weight loss
Ravenous appetite
Abdominal bloating, gas, cramping, diarrhea, nausea
Fever
Joint pain
Disturbed sleep
Muscle cramps
Sugar cravings
5. Costs In the US annually:
$3.5 billion spent on OTC cough remedies
$2 million spent on “natural” medicines that fight colds
$1.3 billion spent on direct medical costs to fight flus
70 million work-loss days associated with illness
Lost productivity in the workplace costs businesses $15 billion
6. National Institutes of Health:
About 90,000 deaths annually from infections that don’t respond to treatment
More and more bacteria (such as Staph. aureus and numerous gut bacteria) are resistant to the most powerful antibiotics available
Centers for Disease Control:
Doctors prescribe antibiotics to children 65% of the time if they feel parents expect them, even if not needed
Nearly all significant bacterial infections in the world are resistant to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics Tiny Creatures, BIG Problem
7. Essential Oils: antimicrobial champions!
Thyme (>55% thymol)
Clove (>80% eugenol)
Oregano (>60% carvacrol)
Our Solution
8. Safety Eugenol (from clove EO), thymol (from thyme EO), and carvacrol (from oregano EO) have been used in dentistry since the 19th century for root canals, temporary fillings and cements, periodontal therapy, and abscesses
Bernard Schechter, DDS
Currently designated GRAS by the FDA
Clove oil mixed with zinc oxide powder to form a filling paste for teeth still currently used.Clove oil mixed with zinc oxide powder to form a filling paste for teeth still currently used.
9. Thyme
11. Thyme vs. Microbes A 1995 study by Nicole Didry at the College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences in Lille, France
Thyme oil at very small concentrations (<500 ppm) killed the pathogenic organisms responsible for the tooth decay, gingivitis, and bad breath
Streptococcus mutans,
S. sanguis
S. milleri
S. mitis
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Prevotella buccae
P. oris
P. intermedia
12. Essential Oil vs. Oral Pathogens
13. Researchers at the Scottish Agricultural College
Daily doses of thyme oil (42.5 mg/K of body weight), drastically slowed age-related DHA degradation in the brain
Karesh Youdim and colleagues
3.9 mg thyme and clove oils for 17 months slowed DHA loss
Jukic et al (2007)
Thyme oil and derivatives slow destruction of neurotransmitters Thyme for Health
15. Thyme: The Bottom Line Research shows us that thyme essential oil:
Is potently antimicrobial
Has been used for centuries in oral health (and health in general!)
May slow or reverse aging of brain tissue by protecting DHA, antioxidants and neurotransmitters
May slow or prevent age-related eye tissue damage by protecting DHA
16. Clove
17. Clove: Long History Subjects awaiting an audience with Chinese emperors were required to chew cloves to mask breath odors (207 B.C. to 220 A.D.)
Avicenna treated “putrifaction” of the teeth and gums with clove pills (~1000 A.D.)
New England physician, Thomas Palmer, wrote in 1696:
“Oyl of cloves—stayeth ye putrifaction of the bones in old and new ulcers . . . It heals wounds, diseases, wind, digesteth cold humours. Causes a sweet breath.”
Thomas Berdmore, Operator for the Teeth to King George III, treated toothache with “acrid aromatic substances” including mace and cloves (late 1700s)
18. Clove: Long History The Island of Ternate in the Moluccas Archipelago was the site of extensive clove cultivation in the 16th century
Dutch destroyed the clove trees to protect their monopoly
Native inhabitants were devastated by disease (60,000+ thought to have died)
Researchers attributed the sudden onset of epidemics to the lack of “clove leaves and flowers sufficient to purify the air.”
Some East Indies natives still wear clove stuck to nostrils and lips so demons do not enter there
19. Safety Safety confirmed by NTP in lifetime animal studies (1983, Technical Report No. 223, National Toxicology Program)
Ames salmonella assay also showed eugenol to be antimutagenic (1995, Azizan & Blevins, East Tennessee State University)
Animals studies at the University of Wisconsin Medical School achieved similar results in an animal model.
The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives estimated an acceptable human daily intake of eugenol of up to 2.5mg / kg body weight
The German Commission E monograph prescribes mouthwashes consisting of 1 to 5% clove essential oil as an oral antiseptic and topical anesthetic, stating that it has “antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral” action
20. Clove vs. Microbes
21. Clove vs. Microbes Eugenol strongly inhibits growth of HSV I and HSV II
Eugenol significantly delayed the onset of herpetic lesion on the eyes of infected animals
22. Clove vs. Microbes Bacteria and fungi tend cluster together in clusters called biofilms that serve as a powerful protective mechanism
Biofilms make the microorganisms much more difficult to kill
Clove is one of the few natural compounds that can disrupt these biofilms
Recent studies have shown that eugenol disrupts Candida biofilms.
[1] Ahmad et al., “Antimicrobial activity of clove oil and its potential in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis,” 2005
[2] He et al., “In vitro activity of eugenol against Candida albicans biofilms.” 2007.
23. Clove for Health According to a test developed by USDA researchers at Tufts University clove bud oil is the most powerful antioxidant known
24. Clove for Health Nagababu et al (1995) showed that eugenol protected against CCl4 hepatotoxicity (liver damage)
Due to eugenol’s amazing free radical scavenging activity!
Also showed that eugenol protected against lipid damage from free radicals (1994)
25. Clove: The Bottom Line Research shows us that clove essential oil:
Is potently antimicrobial
Is an incredibly powerful antioxidant
Is an amazing anti-inflammatory
Has been used for centuries in oral health (and health in general!)
Shown to protect DHA in retinal tissue
26. Oregano
27. Oregano vs. Microbes
28. Oregano vs. Microbes A 2001 Georgetown University Study found that oregano oil at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml completely inhibited candida growth
Entire control group died in 10 days (100% mortality)
Mice infected with Candida fed 8.6 mg of oregano oil for 30 days had only 20% mortality
29. Oregano vs. Microbes Adam et al (1998)
Oregano essential oil at a 1/50,000 dilution caused 95% kill of human pathogenic fungi
In vitro and in vivo
No mutagenic activity!
Daouk et al (1995)
Oregano oil at 0.1µl / mL strongly inhibited common (and deadly) food fungi
30. Research at Weber State University by Sue Chao found that 12 microliters of oregano had the antibacterial equivalence of 10 units of penicillin. Oregano vs. Microbes
31. Streptococcus pneumoniae before Oregano Oil exposure
32. Streptococcus pneumoniae after Oregano Oil exposure
33. Harry Preuss, MD, at Georgetown found that oregano oil (in particular, carvacrol) works as well as antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus.
Oregano oil also killed E. coli, Heliobacter pylori, Bacillus anthracis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Penicillin resistant
Phase 2: animal studies
50% of mice fed oregano oil for 30 days survived Staph. aureus infections
Control mice died within 3 days Oregano vs. Microbes
34. Oregano for Health Carvacrol and thymol in oregano oil are antioxidants
Slamenova et al (2007)
Very small concentrations of carvacrol protected cells against DNA damage from hydrogen peroxide
Carvacrol and thymol themselves did not damage DNA
35. Oregano: The Bottom Line Research shows us that oregano essential oil:
Is potently antimicrobial
Many microbes that are resistant to common antibiotics
Is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect DNA from damage
Is not mutagenic or cytotoxic to cells
36. So What? Infectious disease and growing antibiotic resistance are major threats to our health
Essential oils, especially thyme, oregano and clove, can help!
Powerful antimicrobials
No resistance demonstrated
Synergistic: also support health in other ways
Internal and external benefits
Centuries of safe and successful use