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Chapter. Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission. Chapter Objectives. Explain the features of asynchronous and synchronous transmission and possible areas of application for each transmission type. Chapter Modules. Asynchronous Transmission Synchronous Transmission. Module.

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Chapter

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  1. Chapter Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission

  2. Chapter Objectives • Explain the features of asynchronous and synchronous transmission and possible areas of application for each transmission type

  3. Chapter Modules • Asynchronous Transmission • Synchronous Transmission

  4. Module Asynchronous Transmission

  5. Questions • What is the characterizing feature of asynchronous transmission? • Give some examples of asynchronous transmission • Can asynchronous transmission be conducted at high and low speeds? Give examples in each case

  6. Asynchronous Transmission • Burst mode transmission • Sender and receiver are not synchronized with respect to the flow of the information • However, the sender and receiver are synchronized with respect to the timing of the characters that are transmitted

  7. A Note on Asynchronous Transmission • In the past, asynchronous transmission referred only to character by character transmission where each character contained information about timing etc. • Note the use of start and stop bits • At present, the concept of asynchronous transmission can be extended to cover packet transmissions as well

  8. The Use of the Word Asynchronous • Asynchronous Transmission • Generally refers to the transmission of characters with each character carrying information about timing • Asynchronous Communication • Refers to overall communication between two points • An example in this case would be ATM

  9. Asynchronous Transmission Applied to Characters Stop Bit Start Bit Character Frame Each character is individually timed.

  10. Asynchronous Transmission Applied to Packets Burst of Data Packets of data Packets of data A B Intermittent transmission of packets of data

  11. Analogy Host expecting the arrival of guests Intermittent of burst arrival of guests

  12. Asynchronous Transmission/Communication Application • Character by character transmission • Data packet transmission at present

  13. Speed Variations In Asynchronous Transmission • Low and high-speed transmissions are possible • Low speed • Almost all modem based communications fall into this category • High speed • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) • Internet is a good example where asynchronous communication is used predominantly to carry the information

  14. Questions • What is the characterizing feature of asynchronous transmission? • Give some examples of asynchronous transmission • Can asynchronous transmission be conducted at high and low speeds? Give examples in each case

  15. End of Module

  16. Module Synchronous Transmission

  17. Questions • How does synchronous transmission differ from asynchronous transmission? • Where is synchronous transmission used in practice?

  18. Synchronous Transmission • Sender and receiver are synchronized with respect to the sending and receiving of information • Each character need not have a start-bit and a stop-bit as the sender and the receiver are both synchronized • Requires more hardware and software resources • High speed communication is the norm

  19. A Note on Synchronous Transmission • The definition of synchronous transmission refers to the transmission of characters • However, the use of the word synchronous can be extended to cover packet transmission as well

  20. Usage in Practice • Which one of the two transmissions is used widely in the real world? Explain.

  21. Examples of Synchronous Transmission • High-speed communication links established using synchronous modems • It is now possible to establish high speed links based on asynchronous transmission • Used in a number of mainframe installations • Collective exchange of information between the mainframe and the peripheral devices is based on synchronous transmission

  22. In Summary • Synchronous transmission plays a smaller role compared to asynchronous transmission in practice • Implementation of synchronous transmission requires more resources • Asynchronous technology has advanced • It is no more necessary to rely on synchronous communication to establish a high speed communication link

  23. End of Module

  24. End of Chapter

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