Management Information Systems: Classic Models and New Approaches

1. ManagementInformation Systems:Classic Models andNew Approaches Chapter 17

2. Objectives • List and describe the classic functions of managers – planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling • Describe the purpose and components of a management information system (MIS) • Explain how computer networking and related software have flattened the classic management pyramid

3. Objectives • Describe how many companies use employees in task-oriented teams • Describe the purpose and function of sophisticated software for top managers • Explain the problems and solutions related to managing personal computers • Explain the concept of total cost of personal computer ownership

4. Contents • Management Functions • Management Levels • Information Systems • Personal Computer Management • MIS Leads into the Future

5. Get the job done On time Within budget Satisfactorily Using available resources Planning Devise short-range and long-range plans and set goals to help achieve the plans Organizing How to use resources Staffing Directing Guiding employees to perform their work Controlling Monitoring progress towards goals Management Functions

6. Management Levels • High level (strategic) • Long-range view • Planning • Middle level (tactical) • Carry out the plan • Assemble the material • Hire the resources • Organize and staff • Low level (operational) • Supervisor • Directing and controlling

7. Management Levels • Job titles • Chief information officer (CIO) • Director of information services • Information resource manager • MIS manager • Comfortable with • Computer technology • Organization’s business

8. Management LevelsInteraction Among Employees Traditional hierarchy • High level manager issues directives to a group of middle level managers • Each middle level manager issues directives to a group of low level managers • Each low level manager supervises other employees to see that the work is completed

9. Management LevelsInteraction Among Employees Modern Hierarchy • Dispersion of information via network • E-mail • Groupware • Authority and work of managers has been altered • Promotes sharing of information • Decisions that were once management are now open for comment and change • Supports team-based and information-driven organization

10. Management LevelsInteraction Among Employees Need new ways to monitor employees • Selection and training of employees • Set clear expectations • Use customer satisfaction to determine performance

11. Management Levels Flattening the pyramid

12. Information Systems MIS Management Information System DSS Decision Support Systems EIS Executive Information Systems

13. MISManagement Information System • Data + Organization • Set of formal business systems designed to provide information for an organization • Computers are typical components

14. DSSDecision Support Systems • Supplements an MIS • Pulls information from variety of databases • Interactive • Nonroutine decision-making • Model – mathematical representation of real-life system • Simulation – using a computer model to reach a decision about a real-life situation

15. MIS vs. DSS • MIS • Planned reporting • Standard, scheduled, structured, and routine • Constrained by the organizational system • DSS • Decision making • Unstructured and by request • Immediate and friendly

16. EISExecutive Information Systems • DSS for top-level managers • How decisions effect entire organization • Overall vision; company goals • Long-term objectives • Organizational structure • Staffing and labor relations • Crisis management • Control of overall operations • Access to information from external sources

17. Personal ComputersManagement • Benefits • Increased productivity • Independence from MIS department • Problems • No one in charge of overall purchase of PCs • Incompatibility • Network related issues • Needed data from MIS • Training • Inventory

18. Personal ComputersManagement Solutions • Staffing • Personal Computer Manager • Network Manager • Acquisitions policies • Information centers for assistance and training • Use software to control inventory of PCs • Remote access • Consider total cost of ownership (TCO)

19. Personal ComputersManagement • Personal Computer Manager • Technology overload – provide guidance to users for purchase and use • Data security and integrity – addresses the issues of who has access to what • Computer junkies – set guidelines for PC use • Network Manager • Operational • Provide methods for sharing • Install software • Backup • Network security

20. Personal ComputersManagement Manager Characteristics • MIS background • Technical knowledge • Benefits and limitations of computers

21. Personal ComputersAcquisition • Standards • Hardware • Software • Data communications • Limit the number of vendors

22. Personal ComputersInformation Center • Services • Software and hardware selection • Data access • Network access • Training • Technical assistance • Easily accessible location • “User comes first”

23. Personal Computers Training Traditional approach • Sporadic participation • Minimal results for extended training Better approach • Initial training • Home-grown gurus • Follow-up support • Involve the workers • Web and CD based training

24. Personal ComputersInventory • Budgets • Software • Count computers • Determines components • Determine installed software

25. Personal ComputersRemote Access • Equipment needs • Security concern • Training

26. TCOTotal Cost of Ownership • Initial hardware and software • Training • Support • Upgrading • Maintenance • Hardware • Software extras • Communications networks TCO estimated at four times the hardware costs!

27. TCOReduce the TCO • Limited Options – standardize the ordering process including hardware, software, and options • Helpful software – counts computers and determines their components and installed software in a networked environment • Hardware and software upgrades – insure there is justification for an upgrade

28. Management InformationSystems Leading Business into the Future