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Ten Common Logical Fallacies

Ten Common Logical Fallacies. English Composition 101. #1: Hasty Generalization. Even though I KNOW that none of you are judgmental, a quick or snap generalization about a person, place, or thing can seriously interfere with your writing. Based on insufficient evidence – be wary, be very wary!.

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Ten Common Logical Fallacies

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  1. Ten Common Logical Fallacies English Composition 101

  2. #1: Hasty Generalization • Even though I KNOW that none of you are judgmental, a quick or snap generalization about a person, place, or thing can seriously interfere with your writing. • Based on insufficient evidence – be wary, be very wary!

  3. #2: Ad Hominem • Shifting your argument from objective to personal. • Attack the author instead of the argument. • Ex. “My Turn”

  4. #3: Appeal to Authority • Authority is not always an expert on the subject • Ex. “Doctors” in commercial ads. • Forget about other side of argument • Hardest thing to do!

  5. #4: Straw Man • Inaccurate presentation of ideas • Creates a ‘straw man’ or argument that is easy to knock down

  6. #5: False Analogy • Can leader readers and writers astray if it does not hold true • Are the two ideas being compared similar?

  7. #6: Post Hoc or False Cause • Ideas that follow one another can be directly correlated. • May not cause the other • Ex. Loser record = fired coaches

  8. #7: Appeal to Popularity • Popularity equals truth and reason • Advertisers love this fallacy • Ex. Mean Girls • Majority can be wrong!

  9. #8: Slippery Slope • Reasoning has lost its footing. • No logical route to follow to specific conclusion.

  10. #9: Either/or Fallacy • Black and White: Good vs. Evil • Colorful world we live in • Shades and shadows • Not the only choices • Both/and

  11. #10: Begging the Question • Circular reasoning • Assumes truth without proof • Ex. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

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