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The Great Depression and the Causes of World War II

The Great Depression and the Causes of World War II. 1929-1939. Objective. To understand the causes of the Great Depression To understand the effects of the Great Depression To understand how each country reacted to the Great Depression To understand how Adolf Hitler came to power

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The Great Depression and the Causes of World War II

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  1. The Great Depression and the Causes of World War II 1929-1939

  2. Objective • To understand the causes of the Great Depression • To understand the effects of the Great Depression • To understand how each country reacted to the Great Depression • To understand how Adolf Hitler came to power • To understand the causes of World War II

  3. The Great Depression • The 1920s were a period of economic prosperity • In Europe and the United States • Role of US • Fragile prosperity

  4. “Dude, where’s my car?”

  5. American Economic Expansion during the 1920s

  6. Consumer Debt in the 1920s

  7. The Crash of 1929 • Major selling of stocks in Wall Street • Stock Market crash in Wall Street October 29, 1929

  8. The Great Depression • Massive shutdown of businesses • Massive global unemployment in US, Europe, and elsewhere • Economic collapse threatened payments of reparations

  9. The Great Depression • Britain • Coalition government formed • 2.5 million unemployed by 1931 • Abandons the gold standard • Raises tariffs

  10. The Great Depression • France • Affected France in 1931 • Social and Political Paralysis

  11. The Great Depression • The United States • Expanded role of federal government • The New Deal under Franklin Roosevelt

  12. The Great Depression in the US and Europe

  13. The Great Depression

  14. Germany • Depression weakened support for the Weimar Republic • Torn between Communists and Nazis

  15. Germany • 1932 Elections held in 1932 • Hitler appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933

  16. Germany • Hitler consolidates his power in 1933 • Reichstag fire, February 27, 1933 • Enabling Act passed March 23, 1933

  17. Nazi Rally

  18. Germany • Hitler eliminates internal competition • “Night of the Long Knives” • Hitler becomes both President and Chancellor on August 2, 1934

  19. Germany • Hitler and Anti-Semitism • “Stab in the Back Theory” • Nuremberg laws (1935)

  20. Germany • Hitler’s Economic Policies • Tax breaks for families • Heavy government spending on public works to eliminate unemployment

  21. Italy • Mussolini and Fascists take over Italy in 1922 • One-party state • Fascists made deal with big business • Signs agreement with the Vatican in 1929

  22. Soviet Union • Centralized Planning • Stalin takes over Soviet Union after Lenin’s Death • New Economic Policy discarded • Heavy industrialization begins • Collectivization of agriculture

  23. “Let’s all get to work, Comrades!”

  24. Soviet Union • Stalin’s Purges (1936-38) • Stalin eliminates potential rivals • Millions of people arrested, deported, executed, or disappeared

  25. Causes of World War II • Hitler begins to scrap Versailles after 1933 • Rearms Germany past limits permitted by Versailles • Hitler remilitarizes the Rhineland in 1935

  26. Critics of Appeasement

  27. Causes of World War II • Appeasement • British came to the conclusion that Treaty of Versailles was unfair • France goes along with Britain

  28. Causes of World War II • Hitler redraws Germany’s borders • Austria (1938) • Czechoslovakia

  29. German Takeover of Austria

  30. Causes of World War II • Munich Conference • Sudetenland Question • British Prime Minister Chamberlain agrees to let Hitler have Sudetenland

  31. “I have brought peace for our time.” • British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain returning from the Munich Conference in 1938

  32. Causes of World War II • Hitler breaks his promise • Hitler sets his sights on Poland

  33. Hitler and Mussolini

  34. Conclusion • The Great Depression affects Europe and the United States • The Great Depression causes countries to look at other alternatives • The Great Depression leads to rise of Hitler and the Nazis • Hitler scrapped the Treaty of Versailles • British appease Hitler in hopes of getting him to cooperate • Hitler breaks his promises and begins World War II

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