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The Story of Human Evolution

The Story of Human Evolution. Part 1: From ape-like ancestors to modern humans Part 2: What makes us human? Evolution and adaptation in modern humans. How do scientists study human evolution? . Humans evolved from ape-like creatures . THEORY. Humans and apes share many biological features.

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The Story of Human Evolution

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  1. The Story of Human Evolution

  2. Part 1: From ape-like ancestors to modern humans Part 2: What makes us human? Evolution and adaptation in modern humans

  3. How do scientists study human evolution? Humans evolved from ape-like creatures THEORY Humans and apes share many biological features 2. There should be fossils with human and ape-like features 1. Humans and apes should share a high percentage of DNA Humans and apes have a common ancestor HYPOTHESIS Prediction Observation Gather evidence, test with experiments • Measure DNA differences between humans and apes. • Examine fossils from several million years ago.

  4. Old-World monkeys Gibbon Orangutan Gorilla Chimpanzee Human

  5. Monkey Chimp Human 0 10 20 30 Time (million yrs ago) Allan Wilson 1934 - 1991

  6. DNA and proteins can be used to study genetic similarities between species

  7. Molecular differences show that humans diverged from chimpanzees 5-6 million years ago Monkey Chimp Human 0 10 20 30 Time (million yrs ago) Allan Wilson 1934 - 1991

  8. Albumin protein Sequence difference Human – monkey difference Human – chimp difference Chimp Human Monkey 0 10 20 Sequence difference 30 Monkey Chimp Human 0 10 20 30 Time (million yrs ago)

  9. Our earliest ancestors lived in Africa

  10. Lucy is one of the most important hominid fossils ever discovered Hadar, Ethiopia – site of Lucy’s discovery

  11. Australopithecus- an ape who walked on two legs

  12. Footprints left by Australopithecus confirm early upright walking

  13. The earliest stone tools are from 2.3-2.5 million years ago

  14. Homo habilis was the first to use stone tools

  15. Early humans were using fire and sophisticated tools 1.8 million years ago.

  16. Homo erectus was the first to migrate out of Africa

  17. When and where did modern humans evolve? Homo neanderthalensis Homo erectus Homo sapiens Homo habilis Australopithecus

  18. Modern humans Europe Africa Asia Homoerectus Africa

  19. Modern humans Europe Africa Asia Homoerectus Africa

  20. Nucleus Mitochondria

  21. Mitochondria: DNA comes from mother Nucleus: DNA comes from both parents Offspring cell

  22. Mitochondrial DNA traces the female line

  23. We are all descended from a small population living in Africa 150,000 to 200,000 years ago

  24. 4500 15,000 25,000 40,000 12,000 100,000 70,000 3000 200,000 1500 50,000 800 Homo sapiens Neanderthals Early hominids Modern humans colonize the globe

  25. © Produced by Hilary Miller in association with the Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution Thanks to Azra Moeed, Caroline Thomas, and Glenda Lewis for assistance with preparing this presentation hilary.miller10@gmail.com http://www.allanwilsoncentre.ac.nz

  26. Image credits Slides 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7: TRANZ INTERNATIONAL Image Library Ltd. Slide 8: Wikimedia Commons Slide 11: Science Photo Library Slide 12: Univ. of California Museum of Paleontology (http://evolution.berkeley.edu) Slide 13, 14, 15: TRANZ INTERNATIONAL Image Library Ltd. Slide 16: Science Photo Library Slide 17: TRANZ INTERNATIONAL Image Library Ltd. Slide 18, 19, 20, 21: Science Photo Library Slide 24: Wikimedia Commons Slide 25: Univ. of California Museum of Paleontology (http://evolution.berkeley.edu) Slide 27: Science Photo Library Slide 28: Wikimedia Commons (edited) Slides 29, 30: TRANZ INTERNATIONAL Image Library Ltd.

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