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used in municipal water treatment since 1906 for disinfection of mountain water. strongest know oxidant. disinfection do

Used in municipal water treatment since 1906 for disinfection of mountain water.Strongest know oxidant.Disinfection dosages as low as .1-.2 mg/l for some bacteria.Introduction method and water density are the most important factors for ozone usage.These two factors determine mass transfer.. Introduction.

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used in municipal water treatment since 1906 for disinfection of mountain water. strongest know oxidant. disinfection do

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    1. Beau Dempsey Pro Aquatics, 230 Sam Houston, Mesquite, Texas 75149, USA

    2. Used in municipal water treatment since 1906 for disinfection of mountain water. Strongest know oxidant. Disinfection dosages as low as .1-.2 mg/l for some bacteria. Introduction method and water density are the most important factors for ozone usage. These two factors determine mass transfer. Disinfection dosage is a standard. Actual dosage depends on bioload, flow rate, water parameters.Disinfection dosage is a standard. Actual dosage depends on bioload, flow rate, water parameters.

    3. Ozone (green molecules) coming into contact with cell wall.

    4. Cell lysing (rupturing) Not limited to pathonogenic bacterial cell walls. Ozone will reduce any organic. (reducer) Viruses – RNA and DNA affected Fish gills Eye membranes Nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria Meaning – the reducer is oxidized and ozone loses its extra oxygen molecule. Reverting back to O2

    5. Introduction of ozone into solution Mass Transfer Efficiency (TE) How efficient you are at introducing ozone into solution. TE = ((ozone in – Ozone out)/Ozone in) X 100 (gdt-h2o.com)

    6. Pressure Water Density Contact Chambers and Degas Ability

    7. Pressure

    8. Venturies all cases, venturies are the most efficient method of TE. Mass transfer normally >90% Energy efficient External Easy maintenance No moving parts Air Diffusers typically have between 10-15% transfer Become fouled over time.

    9. 2. Water Density

    10. Excluding the obvious “Pressure” the more dissolved solids (salt) and the slower the water molecules (temp.) the more dense your water will be. All leading to bubble size. The smaller the bubble, the more surface area for ozone to contact water. The denser the water, the more desolved gas into solution. Fresh water has larger bubbles.The denser the water, the more desolved gas into solution. Fresh water has larger bubbles.

    11. 3. Contact Chambers and Degas Ability

    12. 3. Contact Chambers and Degas Ability

    13. Side Stream Pressure (Fresh and Salt Water) Compact system that injects ozone Allows a contact time before off gas and destruction of undissolved ozone Does not remove proteins or particulates.

    14. Main Flow Countercurrent (Salt Water) Most common are Protein Skimmers Ozone injected near bottom (1/3 from up) Main flow injected near top Organics are trapped by bubbles and skimmed out at top of unit. Two disadvantages discharge is highly aerated and needs gravity return to maintain foram level.Two disadvantages discharge is highly aerated and needs gravity return to maintain foram level.

    15. Main Flow Concurrent (Fresh and Salt Water) Filtration components become contact chambers Piping Sand/Carbon Filters Advantages Cost effective Disadvantages No off gassing More prone to free radicals reaching undesired filtration components. Typical Applications At the base of a waterfall (pump side) Directly after main pump

    16. Ozone is effective in all water conditions Water density plays a large role in mass transfer efficiency (TE) Injection methods and contact chambers need to be manipulated to increase TE

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