1 / 13

Predators can shape evolution in their prey

Uroplatus phantasticus. Predators can shape evolution in their prey. Cruziohyla craspedopus. Dendrobates azureus. Dermal fringes. Predator evolution pushed by prey. Predator-prey coevolution. Taricha granulosa +/- tetradotoxin. Thamnophis sirtalis. Ecological context.

emmy
Download Presentation

Predators can shape evolution in their prey

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Uroplatus phantasticus Predators can shape evolution in their prey Cruziohyla craspedopus Dendrobates azureus Dermal fringes

  2. Predator evolution pushed by prey

  3. Predator-prey coevolution Taricha granulosa +/- tetradotoxin Thamnophis sirtalis Ecological context Resistance to tetradotoxin

  4. Snakes and cane toads Bufotoxin Predator-prey coevolution

  5. Brood parasites; e.g., cuckoos and cowbirds Acrocephalus scirpaceus, Reed warbler Cuculus canorus European cuckoo Calls same Co-evolution to egg rejection

  6. Social Interactions • Actor and Recipient • Fitness possibilities (offspring units): • 1. both actor and recipient increase their fitness: cooperative behavior • 2. fitness of actor increases, fitness of recipient decreases: selfish behavior • 3. fitness of actor decreases; fitness of recipient increases: altruistic behavior.

  7. Maximizing fitness by selfish behavior

  8. Conflict between cells and groups of cells chtA mutant Selfish behavior Slime molds: amoeboid and slug forms Reproductive Vegetative Sporangium

  9. Altruistic Behavior • The actor will perform an act • places the actor at a disadvantage • benefits the recipient • Intuitively, the fitness of the actor should decrease, and the fitness of the recipient should increase. • Natural selection should eliminated altruistic acts.

  10. Cooperation and Altruistic Behavior • Slime mold • A gene for altruism • csA allele: adhesion protein • Cell differentiation in the slug • 1. Cells that form spores: DNA perpetuated • 2. Cells that form the reproductive stalk: die • Therefore, sacrifice made by some cells for the benefit of others.

  11. Paradox resolved by inclusive fitness • For social animals, two categories of fitness • 1. direct fitness = personal reproduction. • But, because it is likely that relatives share some of the same alleles… • 2. indirect fitness = assistance of actor results in greater success in raising relatives to reproductive maturity. • Actor’s fitness increased by an increase in frequency of alleles shared with relatives.

More Related