Software Development Module Code: CST 240 Chapter 2: Project Management

1. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Software Development Module Code: CST 240 Chapter 2: Project Management

2. Chapter 2: Project ManagementLearning outcomes: At the end of this chapter the student should be able to 1.Design and make a plan for project management activities . 2.Discuss the types of plan required by Software Managers. 3.Design a critical path and identify the minimum duration for project completion. 4. Discuss the risk management in software development. 5. Illustrate a good understanding of MS Project software. Chapter 2: Project Management

3. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Outline • Management activities • Project planning • Project scheduling • Project Cost Estimation • Activity Organization • Activity Network Diagram • Risk management • MS-Project Chapter 2: Project Management

4. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Management • Project Managementis the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the production of a software system. • A software project is managed by a Project Manager / Software Manager. Chapter 2: Project Management

5. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Aims of Project Management To complete a project: • On time • On budget • With required functionality • To the satisfaction of the client • Without exhausting the team Chapter 2: Project Management

6. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Software Manager Responsibilities of Software Manager: 1-     Planning, scheduling and supervising the project development. 2-     Ensuring that the software development is consistent with the organization policies, goals and requirements. 3- Monitoring progress to check that the development is on time and within budget. Chapter 2: Project Management

7. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Software Management Distinction • The product is intangible • Software development process is not standardized • Large software projects are often 'one-off' projects Chapter 2: Project Management

8. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Management activities • Proposal writing. • Project planning and scheduling. • Project costing. • Project monitoring and reviews. • Personnel selection and evaluation. • Report writing and presentations. Chapter 2: Project Management

9. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Staffing • May not be possible to appoint the ideal people to work on a project • Project budget may not allow for the use of highly-paid staff; • Staff with the appropriate experience may not be available within an organization or externally; • An organisation may wish to develop employee skills on a software project. Chapter 2: Project Management

10. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Planning: • Project Planning is probably the most time-consuming project management activity. • Continuous activity from initial concept through to system delivery. Plans must be regularly revised as new information becomes available. • Various different types of plan may be developed to support the main software project plan that is concerned with schedule and budget. Chapter 2: Project Management

11. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Types of Project Plan Types of plan required by Software Managers:- 1-     Quality plan: Describes the quality procedures that will be used in a project. 2-     Validationplan: Describes the approach, resources and schedule used for system validation. 3-     Configurationplan: Describes the configuration management procedures and structures to be used. Chapter 2: Project Management

12. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Types of Project Plan.. 4-     Maintenanceplan: Describes the maintenance requirements of the system, maintenance cost and effort required. 5-     Staffdevelopmentplan: Describes how the skills and experience of the project team members will be developed. Chapter 2: Project Management

13. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E The project plan • The project plan sets the resources available to the project. • A single document includes all the different types of plans. • The project plan is concerned with the development process. • The details of the project plan vary depending on the type of the project and organization. Chapter 2: Project Management

14. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Plan Structure 1- Introduction: Describes the objectives and, and constrains of the project 2-   Projectorganization: Describes the roles of the team involved. 3-   Riskmanagement: Describes possible project risks and strategies to reduce that risk. Chapter 2: Project Management

15. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Plan structure 4 -Hardwareandsoftwareresourcesrequirements: Describes the hardware and the software required to carry out the development. 5-   Workbreakdown: Describes the activities that will be set during the process, and the milestones and deliverables with each activity. 6-   ProjectSchedule: Describes the dependencies between activities (The estimated time required to reach each milestone). Chapter 2: Project Management

16. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Plan structure 7-Monitoringandreportingmechanisms: Describes the management reports which should be produced, when these should be produced and the project monitoring mechanism used. Note: The project plan should be regularly revised during the project. Chapter 2: Project Management

17. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Schedule • Scheduling is estimating the time and resources required to complete activities and organize them through the project period of time (project life). • Organize tasks concurrently to make optimal use of workforce. • Minimize task dependencies to avoid delays caused by one task waiting for another to complete. Chapter 2: Project Management

18. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Scheduling • Managers when estimating schedule should keep in mind, unexpected problems that may delay the activity timing like illness, hardware breakdown, and delay in a new hardware delivery time, etc. • A guideline for estimation is to allocate activity timing as if every thing goes well for all activities, then some extra time should be added for unexpected problems. Chapter 2: Project Management

19. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Scheduling…. • Project scheduling is usually represented on charts showing the work breakdown activity, dependencies, staff allocation and the activity timing. • Scheduling dependent on project managers intuition and experience. Chapter 2: Project Management

20. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Activity Organization • Activities in a project should be organised to produce tangible outputs for management to judge progress. • A milestone is an end-point of the software process activity. At each milestone, a formal progress report is generated to be presented to management. • Deliverables are project results delivered to customers. Chapter 2: Project Management

21. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Milestones Vs Deliverable Chapter 2: Project Management

22. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Milestones Vs Deliverable Chapter 2: Project Management

23. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Activity Organization.. • To establish milestones, the software process which is being followed for a particular project, must be broken down into activities. • The next slide shows activities involved in requirements engineering when prototyping is used to help validate requirement. It also shows the principle stages of each activity. Chapter 2: Project Management

24. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Feasibility Study Requirements analysis Prototype development Design Study Requirements Specifications Feasibility report Requirements definition Evaluation report Architectural design Requirements specifications Milestones in the RE process Activities Milestones Chapter 2: Project Management

25. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Activity Organization… • It is necessary for all activities to end at a milestone. • The waterfall model of the software process is widely adopted as it allows for the straightforward definition of progress milestones. • Alternative approach, such as Exploratory programming the milestone definition is a more difficult and less certain process. Chapter 2: Project Management

26. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Bar charts and activity network Bar charts: are graphical notations which used to represent the project schedule and show who are responsible for each activity and when the activity is scheduled to begin and to end. Activity network: are graphical notations which is used to represent the project schedule and show the dependencies between the different activities making up a project. Chapter 2: Project Management

27. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Bar charts and activity network Critical path:is the minimum time required to finish the project, also it's the longest path in duration in the activity network graph. So a critical path has the • Longest path • Shortest time within which project can be completed • Zero slack (or float) Chapter 2: Project Management

28. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Example: Task ,durations and dependencies Task Duration(Days) Dependencies T1 8 T2 15 T3 15 T1(M1) T4 10 T5 10 T2, T4 (M2) T6 5 T1, T2 (M3) T7 20 T1 (M1) T8 25 T4 (M5) T9 15 T3, T6 (M4) T10 15 T5, T7 (M7) T11 7 T9 (M6) T12 10 T11 (M8) Chapter 2: Project Management

29. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Chapter 2: Project Management

30. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Risk Management Risks are consequences of something that may go wrong because of incomplete information. Risk is related to the amount and quality of available information. The less information, the higher risk. The principle task of a Project manager is to minimize risk. Categories of Risk: > Project Risk > Product Risk > Business Risk Chapter 2: Project Management

31. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Risk Management …. The process of risk management involves several stages: • Risk Identification: Possible project, product and business risks are identified. • Risk Analysis: the likelihood and consequences of risk are assessed. • Risk Planning: Plans to address the risk either by avoiding it or minimizing its effects on the project are determined. Chapter 2: Project Management

32. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Risk Management …. • Risk Monitoring: The risk is constantly assessed and plans for risk reduction are revised as the information about the risk become available. Chapter 2: Project Management

33. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Project Scheduling Tools & Methods • Gantt Charts • Critical Path Method (CPM) • Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Chapter 2: Project Management

34. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Ms-Project • Ms-Project helps us to plan and manage a project. • Major views of Ms-Project • Gantt Chart • Calendar View • Network Diagram • Resource Sheet • Resource Usage Chapter 2: Project Management

35. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Gantt Charts • Created 1800 • Standard format for displaying project schedules • activities, durations, start/end finish dates displayed in calendar format • Advantages • enforces planning • easy to create & understand • preferred for summary/exec-level information Chapter 2: Project Management

36. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E GanttCharts • Symbols include: • black diamond: milestones • Thick black bars: summary tasks • Lighter horizontal bars: tasks • Arrows: dependencies between tasks Chapter 2: Project Management

37. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Sample Project Gantt Chart Chapter 2: Project Management

38. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Task Dependency Types Chapter 2: Project Management

39. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Gantt Charts – Resource Definitions & Allocation • Resources can be broadly divided into consumables and non-consumables. A consumable resource is consumed as it goes into a task, for example, when money is spent on paying contractors it cannot be used again. Non-consumable resourcescan be used over and over again - manpower and equipment used on a project are obvious examples of non-consumable resources. Chapter 2: Project Management

40. Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E Important Options • To open Project Information • Click Project Menu -> Project Information • To change Calendar settings • Lick Tools Menu -> Change Working Time.. • To set up dependencies between tasks • Click Project Menu->Task Information • Shortcut key is Shift+F2 Chapter 2: Project Management