What’s Hot, What’s Not

1. Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) 2012 Zadar, Croatia, June 18, 2012 Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Ph.D. Senior Research ScientistOCLC Synergies Between Research and Education in Digital Libraries What’s Hot, What’s Not

2. What’s Hot, What’s Not • On Demand Digital Library • Involving & Educating Students • Creating digital library jobs • Lack of funding • Little integration

3. Digital Environment “The future is digital…digitize and democratize.” (Darnton, 2009)

4. What is a Digital Library? "Digital libraries are organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities." (Waters, 2007, 5)

5. What is a Digital Library? "Digital libraries are organized collections of digital information. They combine the structuring and gathering of information, which libraries and archives have always done, with the digital representation that computers have made possible. Digital information can be accessed rapidly around the world, copied for preservation without error, stored compactly, and searched very quickly. No conventional back-of-the-book index compares with the text search engines we now have."   (Lesk, 1997, xix)

6. What’s Hot

7. Expand Our Concept of Research • Four kinds of Expertise • Domain (or subject) expertise • Analytical expertise • Data expertise • Project management expertise “Institutions and scholarly societies must expand their notions of what kinds of activities constitute research and reconsider how these activities are supported, assessed, and rewarded.” (Williford & Henry, 2012, 2) Expertise Hot! Re-evaluate

8. Expand Our Concept of Research Data • Caring for Data • Test (skepticism) • Correct, enhance, and integrate • Make the data meaningful, reliable, and useful “In fact, some scholars…see the new data they create as their most significant research outcome.” (Williford & Henry, 2012, 3) Caring for data Hot! Big Data

9. Embrace Interdisciplinarity • Cultivating Interdisciplinarity • Organizational flexibility • Intellectual flexibility • Sustained collaboration “Today’s colleges and universities must equip students with skills appropriate for a rapidly changing and diverse workforce…” (Williford & Henry, 2012, 3) Inter-disciplinarity Hot! Perspective

10. Models for Sharing Credit • Collaborative Credit sharing • Enhances assessment of work • Quality and impact of digital projects will grow “…encourage engagement…by noting and appropriately rewarding their faculty, staff, and students for making substanial contributions to collaborative efforts.” (Williford & Henry, 2012, 3) Credit Sharing Hot! Encouragement

11. On Demand Digital Libraries • On demand Digital libraries • Brain Hive • Rental service for K-12 schools • School pays $1/rental • Helps libraries make digital shift to e-books • New publishing models “…rental service may not appeal to schools that want to own their collections and pay a one-time fee for their books. A Netflix for books, all-you-can-eat subscription service would likely resonate much better with educational institutions, but that could be difficult to arrange in terms of licensing agreements with publishers.” (Lee, 2012) On Demand Digital Library Hot! What may be not-so-hot

12. Involving and Educating Students • Involving and educating students • UCLA Library’s Center for Primary Research and Training • Archival methods training • Students paired with underprocessed collections • Cost effective • Provides feedback • Makes collections more accessible “Students have access to materials that others have not yet fully investigated, and their training in archival organization and description results in making those collections more accessible to other researchers.” (Center for Primary Research Training, 2012) Involving and Educating Students Hot! It’s a win-win situation

13. Involving and Educating Students • Involving and educating students • University of Richmond’s Digital Scholarship Lab • Visualizing Emancipation • Team of grad & undergrad students • Primary texts • Digitally map events • New opportunities for undergraduate research “And of course, scholarship will eventually be digital. Everything is digital, and people will be working from the ground up imagining how to explain the things people are fascinated by. That’s what is exciting for me about the field. I’m just trying to keep it warm until the young people come along; for them, this is their native language.”  (chen, 2012) Involving and Educating Students Hot! Millennials take over

14. Creating Digital Library Jobs • Creating digital library jobs • Create digital infrastructure • Engage with research data needs • Explore new modes of scholarly communication • Keep up with changing research and learning practices • Associate Director for Digital Library Programmes and Information Technologies, Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford • Associate Vice President for Digital Programs and Technology Services • Columbia University Libraries/Information Services • Head of Digital Library • Information Services, The University of Edinburgh • (Dempsey, 2011) Creating Digital Library Jobs Hot! The jobs are out there

15. What’s Not

16. Lack of Funding for Educational Programs • Lack of funding • Substantive funding for research in digital libraries • Little funding set aside for educational programs • Education is far behind research and practice "Unfortunately, education has had little direct or organized connection with any of these rapid and substantive developments. There was little or no funding for education in digital libraries, as related to any of the multitude of the diverse activities.” (Saracevic & Dalbello, 2001) Lack of funding Not So Hot! Education in last place

17. Lack of Funding for Educational Programs • Lack of funding • Resources and tools change rapidly • Research a big investment • Adopt models for resource sharing • Share resources, skills, & services “Faculty, staff, and students need strong, reliable training programs that correlate sound methodological strategies with appropriate new technologies.” ( williford & Henry, 2012, 3) Lack of funding Getting warmer… Ongoing commitment to education

18. Limitations to Adoption • Limitations to adoption • Need evidence of benefits • Attitudes toward adoption vary • Discipline & Years of Experience • Reluctant to use new technologies • Time consuming to learn • Do not know they exist • Concern about privacy & desire to limit shared data “…confusion about the varying requirements of data security between social scientist and sciences. Social science researchers need processing of private or constrained data.” (CONNAWAY & DICKEY, 2010, 5) Limitations To Adoption Advocacy Not So Hot!

19. Lack of Integration in Research and Practice • Lack of integration • Research, practice & education differ • Research • Based in computer science • Future-thinking • Practice • Operational libraries • Present-thinking • Little research involved • Diverse • Education • Lag behind both practice and research • Concepts taught vary greatly "Mostly, the existing rationale for digital library education, if offered at all, is reactive, meaning that education reacts with a time lag to both research and practical developments in digital libraries.” (Saracevic & Dalbello, 2001) Lack of integration Not So Hot! They don’t meet in the middle…yet.

20. What’s Next? What is available in digital format? Who are the users? Who are we educating Archivists/curators Librarians Computer scientists How do we integrate resources & encourage the different user groups to interact & support each others’ needs? Data reuse

21. What’s Next? How do people discover the resources? Metadata Who creates? From whose perspective? Are the resources accessible? Limited to specific campuses, organizations, or institutions?

22. References • Center for Primary Research Training. (2012, May 2). Center for primary research and training opportunities. Retrieved from UCLA Library: Department of Special Collections web site: http://www.library.ucla.edu/specialcollections/researchlibrary/9613.cfm • Chen, A. (2012). Interactive map traces slaves’ path to emancipation. The Chronicle of Higher Education, (2012, June 12). Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/interactive-map-traces-slaves-path-to-emancipation/36729?sid=wc&utm_source=wc&utm_medium=en • Connaway, L. S., & Dickey, T. J. (2010). Towards a profile of the researcher of today: What can we learn from JISC projects? Common themes identified in an analysis of JISC Virtual Research Environment and Digital Repository Projects. Retrieved from http://ie-repository.jisc.ac.uk/418/2/VirtualScholar_themesFromProjects_revised.pdf • Darnton, R. (2009). On the ropes? Robert Darnton’s case for books. Publishers Weekly, 256(37), http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/20090914/451-on-the-ropes-robert-darnton-s-case-for-books-.html • Dempsey, L. (2011, August 17). The ILS, the digital library and the research library [Web log]. Retrieved from http://orweblog.oclc.org/archives/002188.html

23. References • Lee, J. (2012). Brain Hive debuts on-demand digital library for schools. Betakit, (June 4). Retrieved from http://betakit.com/2012/06/04/brain-hive-debuts-on-demand-digital-library-for-schools • Lesk, M. (1997). Practical digital libraries: Books, bytes & bucks. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. • Saracevic, T., & Dalbello, M. (2001). A survey of digital library education. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 38, 209-223. • Waters, D. J. (2007). What are digital libraries? In D. Kresh (Ed.), The whole digital library handbook (pp. 5-7). Chicago: American Library Association. • Williford, C., & Henry, C. (2012). One culture: Computationally intensive research in the humanities and social studies: A report on the experiences of first respondents to the digging into data challenge. Washington, DC: Council on Library and Information Resources.

24. Lynn Connaway, Ph.D.connawal@oclc.org Questions and Discussion